个人信息权侵权责任研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 07:07

本文选题：个人信息 + 个人信息权　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：个人信息意指与特定人相关联，具有可辨别性、可区分性的资料素材，可以具体指自然人的姓名、联系方式、家庭住址、消费能力、兴趣爱好等。在网络时代，信息的高速传播给人们生活带来便利的同时，也给个人信息的安全带来了挑战。由于个人信息反映了个体特征，与人身联系紧密，在与熟人社会相对应的陌生社会中，由个人信息勾勒的人格经常在交往中起到举足轻重的作用。因此不当收集、使用、处理他人个人信息，造成个人信息权利人自由意志被限制、财产利益被减损甚至产生个人安全隐患的行为应当加以法律上的约束。鉴于网络活动的潜在风险，个人信息在传递中的不确定性有所增加，导致个人信息权的侵权行为时有发生。例如，非法获取、贩卖、提供他人个人信息；手机应用强制收集用户个人信息等。其根本原因在于现阶段法律把对个人信息权的保护用隐私权、名誉权代之，只有实际发生损害结果时才给予保护，而没有规定信息收集、使用、处理者的义务，无法防患于未然，以至于在个人信息的传递过程中，权利人对于侵权行为毫无救济手段，使侵权人得以利用权利人的个人信息实行更为严重的侵权甚至犯罪行为，这将使得权利人的人格尊严，人格自由，人格独立始终处于一种危险状态，而使这种危险状态发生的人却得不到相应的责任追究，同时侵权成本较低，也是个人信息权侵权行为屡禁不止的原因之一。目前在我国，个人信息权仍不是一项具体的人格权，有关的法律条文也只是散见于各部门法律法规或司法解释中，未形成统一的法律文本，形成了个人信息权法律保护的短板。本文意在彰显个人信息权可作为一项具体的人格权进行法律保护，对个人信息权侵权责任的有关法律问题进行系统的探讨和研究。关于个人信息权的救济，有学者主张以准物权请求权进行保护，但其理论和实践在我国还不成熟，正在探索之中。而《侵权责任法》已在我国通过，，其法学理论基础和司法实践经验已有一定积累，因此把个人信息权的保护纳入到侵权责任法的框架中，在我国现阶段来说是最为可行的一种方法。首先，本文通过对个人信息概念的解读以明确个人信息权的保护对象，并对个人信息权的特点进行阐释以区分其与隐私权的差别，再通过对个人信息权侵权主体类型化，个人信息权侵权责任认定标准，个人信息权侵权责任的具体承担形式及免责事由的讨论和研究，对比现行法律对个人信息权的保护现状，客观反映出现行法对个人信息权保护的不足，并提出完善我国个人信息权侵权责任的建议。
[Abstract]:Personal information refers to the data material which is related to a particular person and can be distinguished and distinguishable. It can refer specifically to the name, contact method, home address, consumption ability, interest and hobbies of natural persons. In the era of network, the high-speed dissemination of information brings convenience to people's life, and also brings challenges to the security of personal information. Because personal information reflects individual characteristics and is closely related to person, the personality delineated by personal information often plays an important role in communication in the strange society corresponding to the society of acquaintances. Therefore, the improper collection, use and handling of other people's personal information, resulting in the free will of the holder of personal information is restricted, the property interests are impaired and even the personal security risks should be legally restricted. In view of the potential risks of network activities, the uncertainty in the transmission of personal information has increased, leading to the infringement of personal information rights from time to time. For example, illegal acquisition, trafficking, providing other people's personal information; mobile phone applications forced collection of user personal information and so on. The fundamental reason lies in the fact that at the present stage, the law uses the right of privacy to protect the right to personal information and the right of reputation to replace it, only when the result of the damage actually occurs, but it does not stipulate the obligation of the person who collects, uses and handles the information. In the process of transmission of personal information, the obligee has no remedy for the infringement, so that the infringer can make use of the personal information of the right holder to carry out more serious infringement or even criminal behavior. This will make the human dignity, freedom and independence of the right holder always in a dangerous state, while those who make this dangerous state will not be held accountable, and the cost of infringement will be lower. It is also one of the reasons why the infringement of personal information right is not prohibited. At present, the right to personal information is not a specific personality right in our country, and the relevant legal provisions are scattered in the laws and regulations of various departments or judicial interpretations, and no unified legal text has been formed, forming a short board for the legal protection of the right to personal information. The purpose of this paper is to show that the right of personal information can be protected by law as a specific right of personality, and to discuss and study systematically the legal issues related to the tort liability of the right of personal information. About the relief of personal information right, some scholars advocate to protect the right of quasi real right claim, but its theory and practice are not mature in our country, and are being explored. The Tort liability Law has been passed in our country, and its legal theory foundation and judicial practice experience have been accumulated to a certain extent, so the protection of personal information right has been brought into the framework of tort liability law. It is the most feasible method at present in our country. First of all, through the interpretation of the concept of personal information in order to clarify the object of protection of the right to personal information, and to explain the characteristics of the right to personal information to distinguish the difference between the right to personal information and privacy, and then through the personal information right infringement subject type. The standard of personal information right tort liability, the specific form of personal information right tort liability and the discussion and research on the reasons of exemption, and the comparison of the current situation of the protection of personal information right under the current law, It objectively reflects the deficiency of the protection of personal information right in current law, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the tort liability of personal information right in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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