论公众人物的容忍义务

发布时间：2018-06-27 14:50

本文选题：容忍义务 + 公众人物　；参考：《湖南大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 容忍义务是指权利人本可以根据基本权利有权提出反对或异议,但在特定情况下所负有的不提出反对或异议的义务。在我国,容忍义务主要有相邻关系中的容忍义务、环境污染中的容忍义务和公众人物的容忍义务。公众人物的容忍义务是指新闻媒体在报道与公众人物有关的公共事件时,该公众人物对报道可能对其名誉、隐私造成的轻微损害应当容忍。公众人物作为在一定范围或时段内,被广为人知或对其所在社会领域有重要影响的人,从不同的角度,可以作不同的划分。其中最主要的划分是从当事人是否具有成为他人或社会所熟知的主观动机的角度,分为自愿的公众人物和非自愿的公众人物。公众人物承担容忍义务有其理论根由,是平衡权利冲突保护公共利益和公众兴趣的必然要求。权利冲突在公众人物中,主要体现在公众人物隐私权与公众知情权的冲突、名誉权与新闻舆论监督之间的冲突。公共利益原则要求公众人物名誉权、隐私权保护中应坚守“与公共事务相关”的标准,与公共事务相关的私事,进入公共领域的,就不能受到隐私权保护。公众兴趣原则要求基于合理的公众兴趣可以对公众人物的隐私权进行适度地限制。公众人物容忍义务的适用是有范围限制的,在其边界确定时应遵循实际恶意原则和利益衡量原则。实际恶意原则有利于法官在司法实践中判定公众人物的容忍义务,而利益衡量原则有利于法官对冲突的利益确定其轻重而进行权衡与取舍。具体而言,政府官员、娱乐明星、体育明星以及非自愿公众人物的容忍义务范围,由于其身份和主观动机的不同,其容忍义务范围也各有不同。公众人物在承担容忍义务的同时,对其应享有的权利亦应当保护。对公众人物容忍义务的承担和保护要根据权利协调一致原则、维护公共利益原则和公众兴趣原则去协调。体现在立法上就是要明确公众人物容忍义务的具体界限,确定公众人物容忍义务的具体范围,在相关法律中确定公众人物的概念和公众人物的容忍义务制度。
[Abstract]:The obligation of tolerance refers to the obligation that the obligee could have the right to raise objections or objections according to his basic rights, but under certain circumstances he has the obligation not to raise objections or objections. In our country, the obligation of tolerance mainly includes the duty of tolerance in neighboring relations, the duty of tolerance in environmental pollution and the duty of tolerance of public figures. The public figure's duty of tolerance means that when the news media reports a public event related to a public figure, the public figure should tolerate the slight damage caused by the report to his reputation and privacy. Public figures, who are widely known or have an important influence on their social field in a certain range or period of time, can be divided from different angles. The most important division is divided into voluntary public figures and involuntary public figures from the perspective of whether the parties have the subjective motivation to become known to others or the society. It is necessary to balance the conflict of rights to protect public interest and public interest. The conflict of rights is mainly reflected in the conflict between the right to privacy of public figures and the right to know, and the conflict between the right of reputation and the supervision of public opinion. The principle of public interest requires the right of reputation of public figures. In the protection of privacy, we should adhere to the standard of "relating to public affairs", and the private affairs related to public affairs cannot be protected by privacy if they enter the public domain. The principle of public interest requires that the right to privacy of public figures can be appropriately restricted based on reasonable public interest. The application of public figures' tolerance obligation is limited in scope and should follow the principle of actual malice and the principle of weighing interests when the boundary is determined. The principle of actual malice is helpful for judges to judge the tolerance duty of public figures in judicial practice, while the principle of interest measurement is helpful for judges to weigh and choose the interests of conflict. Specifically, the range of tolerance obligations of government officials, entertainment stars, sports stars and involuntary public figures varies due to their different identities and subjective motives. Public figures should protect their rights while assuming the duty to tolerate. The obligation to tolerate and protect public figures should be coordinated according to the principle of harmony of rights, the principle of public interest and the principle of public interest. In legislation, it is necessary to clarify the specific limits of public figures' tolerance obligations, to determine the specific scope of public figures' tolerance obligations, and to determine the concept of public figures and the system of public figures' tolerance obligations in relevant laws.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D923

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