我国墓地物权及其地上附着物主体权利研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 15:25

本文选题：墓地 + 具有人格利益的财产　；参考：《上海师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现阶段我国民事立法中,对墓地及其地上附着物民事权利的规定是缺失的,这一状况不仅是现阶段我国民事立法不完善的体现,更导致了墓主的近亲属或墓地权利人维护墓地权益无法律依据。本文首先明确我国墓地物权的权利性质,在杨立新教授的“人身权延伸保护理论”的指引下,笔者得出墓地是一项具有一定“人格利益”的物体,并依据财产法保护的客体不仅仅是具有直接经济利益的可交易物,确定物上归属也是财产法调整内容之一,由此得出墓地物权为一种“具有特殊人格利益的财产物权”。结合司法实践与相关理论研究,墓地物权的内容包括墓地建设用地使用权和地上附着物主体权利两部分。依据现行土地政策及相关法律规定,笔者将我国现存墓地分为农村公益性墓地和城市经营性墓地两类。在文章第三部分,笔者通过主体、客体、内容等方面详细分析两类墓地的建设用地使用权,并提出相应的保护建议与措施。文章第四部分中笔者借鉴罗马法中“权利限制理论”将我国墓地地上附着物主体权利内容作适当调整,以使其符合墓地这一特殊客体的特别保护。通过对我国及国外有关墓地立法及理论研究的比较发现,我国墓地立法非常稀少,民事立法完全缺失;在理论研究方面,墓地在历史学、伦理学、建筑学方面研究较多,作为法学研究客体才刚刚起步。因墓地不同于一般物体,不论是墓地权利的称谓还是主体、土地的使用方面世界各国有关立法也大相径庭。
[Abstract]:In the present civil legislation of our country, the provisions on the civil rights of cemeteries and their attached objects on the ground are missing. This situation is not only a reflection of the imperfect civil legislation in our country at the present stage. It also leads to the protection of the rights and interests of the graveyard by the near relatives or the obligee of the graveyard without legal basis. Under the guidance of Professor Yang Lixin's Theory of extended Protection of personal Rights, the author draws a conclusion that the cemetery is an object with certain "personality interests". According to the property law, the object protected by property law is not only a tradable object with direct economic interest, but also one of the contents of property law adjustment. It is concluded that the real right of cemetery is a kind of property right with special personality interest. Combined with judicial practice and related theoretical research, the content of real right of graveyard includes two parts: the right to use the graveyard construction land and the right of the subject of the aboveground attachment. According to the current land policy and related laws, the author divides the existing cemeteries into two categories: the rural public cemetery and the urban operating cemetery. In the third part, the author analyzes the use right of the two kinds of cemeteries in detail through the aspects of subject, object and content, and puts forward the corresponding protection suggestions and measures. In the fourth part of the article, the author draws lessons from the "right restriction Theory" in Roman law to adjust the content of the subject right of the aboveground attachment of the graveyard in our country, so as to make it conform to the special protection of the special object of the graveyard. Through the comparison of the legislation and theory of cemetery in our country and abroad, it is found that the legislation of cemetery in our country is very rare, the civil legislation is completely absent, and in the theoretical research, there are many researches on cemetery in history, ethics and architecture. As the object of legal research, it is just in its infancy. Because the graveyard is different from the common object, whether it is the title or the subject of the graveyard right, the relevant legislation of the land use in the world also varies greatly.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.2

【参考文献】