不当出生侵权责任的法律研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 22:31

本文选题：不当出生 + 侵权责任　；参考：《云南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着产前筛检技术的不断发展,怀孕妇女为确保能生下健康的孩子,多会选择进行产前检查,以获得胎儿的相关资讯。然而,负责孕检的医疗机构由于自身的过失未能发现胎儿的先天性缺陷或者虽发现胎儿的先天缺陷但没有尽合理的告知义务,导致父母生下残疾孩子,为此产检夫妻起诉要求医疗机构承担赔偿责任,由此便引发了“不当出生”案件,这类型的案件最早发生在美国,随后在世界其他国家和地区开始出现,但在我国出现较晚。自不当出生开始产生,便引发了广泛争论,主要围绕在支持父母的诉求是否会贬损残疾孩子的人格尊严,原告父母方的请求权基础,赔偿范围及赔偿数额的确定等方面。这些问题一直没有得到很好的解决,至今也未形成统一的观点,再加上我国立法上对这方面的规定较少,几乎没有专门适用于这类特殊案件的规则,导致实践中出现同案不同判的尴尬局面,这样的现状不仅不利于保护胎儿父母,也会引发公众对裁决公正性的怀疑,破坏法律的统一性和权威性。针对这些问题,本文在参照诸多学者的著作和论文后,以揭示不当出生的含义为切入点,比较了与不当出生相似的概念,随后列举了三大典型案例,由此引发对不当出生案件的法律思考,在此基础上,结合理论界及司法实务界对不当出生的争议,指出在我国目前的法律框架下,应当对先天残疾儿的父母给予侵权救济,以充分保护受害父母的合法权益。接着本文从归责原则和构成要件两方面详细论述了不当出生侵权责任,为了让残疾孩子父母的请求能得以实现,文章最后一部分还提出了确定不当出生赔偿范围及赔偿数额的建议。当然,基于医疗技术的风险性,仍有许多人类尚未知晓的难题,所以为实现法律的公平正义,平衡医患关系,本文也提出了医疗机构的抗辩事由,以期能公正合理的解决此类纠纷,对我国的理论研究及司法实践有所帮助。
[Abstract]:With the development of prenatal screening technology, pregnant women will choose prenatal examination to obtain information about the fetus in order to ensure that they can give birth to healthy children. However, the medical institution in charge of the pregnancy examination fails to detect the congenital defects of the fetus because of its own fault or, although it has discovered the congenital defects of the fetus, fails to fulfill its reasonable obligation of informing the child, leading the parents to give birth to a child with a disability. For this reason, the husband and wife of birth examination require medical institutions to bear the liability for compensation, which leads to the case of "improper birth". This type of case first occurred in the United States, then began to appear in other countries and regions of the world, but it appeared late in our country. Since the birth of improper birth, it has caused widespread controversy, mainly focusing on whether the appeal of supporting parents will degrade the dignity of the disabled child, the basis of the plaintiff's parents' right to claim, the scope of compensation and the determination of the amount of compensation, and so on. These problems have not been well solved, nor have they formed a unified point of view. In addition to the fact that there are few provisions in our legislation in this respect, there are almost no rules specifically applicable to this kind of special cases. This situation not only does not benefit to protect the fetal parents, but also leads to the public doubt on the fairness of the ruling and undermines the unity and authority of the law. In view of these problems, after referring to the works and papers of many scholars, this paper compares the concepts similar to that of improper birth by revealing the meaning of improper birth, and then enumerates three typical cases. On the basis of this, the author points out that under the current legal framework of our country, the parents of children with congenital disabilities should be given tort relief in the current legal framework of our country. In order to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the injured parents. Then this paper discusses the responsibility of improper birth tort in detail from the two aspects of imputation principle and constitutive elements, in order to make the request of parents of disabled children come true. In the last part of the article, some suggestions are put forward to determine the scope of compensation for improper birth and the amount of compensation. Of course, based on the risk of medical technology, there are still many difficult problems that human beings have not yet known. Therefore, to realize the fairness and justice of the law and to balance the doctor-patient relationship, this paper also puts forward the defense reasons of medical institutions. In order to solve this kind of dispute fairly and reasonably, it is helpful to our country's theory research and judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】