论校园伤害事故的侵权责任

发布时间：2018-06-30 00:21

本文选题：校园伤害事故 + 侵权责任　；参考：《山西财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：2014年9月26日发生在云南昆明南通小学的踩踏事件以及在这之前的西安、吉林等地多家幼儿园违规给孩子喂服处方药物、正宁等多起校车事故的发生，校园伤害事故屡禁不止。家长们都希望未成年学生能够有一个安全的接受教育的环境，但校园伤害事故的频发，使家长们忧心忡忡。因而社会都对校园伤害事故这一问题高度关注。未成年人是父母生命的延续，是国家未来发展的希望。未成年人的身心健康发展关系到家庭的幸福安康，国家的稳定前进。现行的《未成年人保护法》明确规定了保护未成年学生的四类主体：家庭保护、学校保护、社会保护和司法保护。本文主要探讨学校保护。学校是未成年学生经常活动的地方，对未成年人合法权益的保护必然离不开对校园伤害事故侵权责任的研究。各国立法中对未成年人保护的宗旨，很大部分也是通过对发生在学校的伤害事故的处理来体现出来的。校园伤害事故的频发，不仅对未成年人合法权益造成侵害，而且对校园正常教学秩序和管理秩序造成了重大冲击，甚至给社会的和谐稳定带来诸多不安定因素。未成年人权益保护，尤其是校园伤害事故中未成年学生的权益保护，需要有相关制度支持。只有当校园伤害事故发生时，妥善进行处理，才能从根本上保证校园的安宁和谐，为学生高效学习以及身心健康发展提供坚实的后盾。本文从未成年人权益保护入手，说明进行未成年人保护、探讨校园伤害事故侵权责任的研究意义。通过分析我国法律对未成年人保护的现状以及国外保护未成年人的相关立法，明确在未成年人保护方面，现有法律尚未形成体系，探讨未成年人保护，进而研究校园伤害事故的侵权责任仍有现实必要性。本文重点说明校园伤害事故侵权责任、责任的承担方式和责任救济。学校在校园伤害事故中承担的侵权责任源自于法律规定的安全保障义务。结合具体案例分析校园伤害事故侵权责任的归责原则，说明对于无民事行为能力人主要适用过错推定原则，限制行为能力人主要适用过错原则，同时可以适当考虑公平原则的适用。在责任承担方面，重点对人身伤害及精神损害赔偿方面进行说明。同时本文指出在校园伤害事故中这些责任承担如何具体应用，，并针对权利方面以及赔偿方面，提出相应的救济途径。本文以校园伤害事故侵权责任为中心进行写作，从各方面进行详细说明，形成了比较缜密的逻辑链条。
[Abstract]:The stampede at Nantong Primary School in Kunming, Yunnan Province on September 26, 2014, and the previous stampede in Xi'an, Jilin and other places, many kindergartens in Jilin and other places illegally fed children with prescription drugs, and several school bus accidents such as Zhengning occurred, and campus injuries were repeatedly prohibited. Parents want a safe educational environment for underage students, but parents are worried about the frequency of school injuries. As a result, the society pays close attention to the problem of campus injury accident. Minors are the continuation of parents' lives and the hope of the future development of the country. The minor's physical and mental health development relates to the family's happiness and well-being, the country's steady progress. The present Law on the Protection of minors clearly stipulates four kinds of subjects for the protection of minor students: family protection, school protection, social protection and judicial protection. This article mainly discusses the school protection. The school is a place where minor students often engage in activities, and the protection of minors' legal rights and interests is bound to be inseparable from the study of tort liability for campus injury accidents. The purpose of the protection of minors in the legislation of many countries is also reflected by the treatment of injuries in schools. The frequent occurrence of campus injury accidents not only infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of minors, but also has a great impact on the normal teaching order and management order on campus, and even brings many unstable factors to the harmony and stability of the society. The protection of minors' rights and interests, especially the protection of minor students' rights and interests in campus injury accidents, needs to be supported by relevant systems. Only when the campus injury accident occurs, the proper handling can fundamentally ensure the campus peace and harmony, and provide a solid backing for the students to learn efficiently and develop their physical and mental health. Starting with the protection of the rights and interests of minors, this paper explains the significance of the protection of minors and the research significance of the tort liability of campus injury accidents. By analyzing the current situation of the protection of minors in China's laws and the relevant legislation on the protection of minors in foreign countries, it is clear that the existing laws have not yet formed a system for the protection of minors, and probe into the protection of minors. It is still necessary to study the tort liability of campus injury accident. This paper focuses on the campus injury accident tort liability, liability assumption and liability relief. The tort liability of the school in campus injury accident originates from the duty of safety and security stipulated by law. Combined with specific cases, this paper analyzes the principle of liability for tort of campus injury accident, and explains that the principle of presumption of fault is mainly applied to persons with no capacity for civil conduct, and the principle of fault is mainly applied to persons with limited capacity of conduct. At the same time, due consideration may be given to the application of the principle of equity. In terms of liability, the emphasis is on personal injury and compensation for moral damage. At the same time, this paper points out how these responsibilities should be applied in the campus injury accident, and puts forward the corresponding relief ways in terms of rights and compensation. This article takes the campus injury accident tort liability as the center to write, from each aspect carries on the detailed explanation, has formed the more careful logic chain.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.1

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