论我国涉外继承的法律适用

发布时间：2018-07-04 09:11

本文选题：涉外法定继承 + 涉外遗嘱继承　；参考：《华中师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着国际贸易和涉外婚姻等涉外民商事关系的不断发展,涉外继承关系也在快速地发展着。一方面,由于此种关系不仅关乎到死者生前财产所有权的延伸,而且关系到家庭人口再生产及婚姻家庭关系的团结与稳定。因此,各国都非常重视该领域的法律适用规则的制定；另一方面,由于各国的历史文化传统和道德观念乃至宗教信仰等方面的巨大差异,彼此之间关于涉外继承的法律适用规则冲突异常激烈。迄今为止,国际社会尚无关于涉外继承的国际统一实体规范可供遵循。有鉴于此,我国也非常重视涉外继承的法律适用规则的制定,先后通过《民法通则》以及《继承法》等相关的民事法律,针对涉外继承的法律适用给出了明确的规定。但是,长期以来,我国上述法律仅规定了涉外法定继承的法律适用规则,而从未对涉外遗嘱继承之法律适用作出过任何规定。虽然2011年施行的《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》(下文简称《法律适用法》)中,针对涉外继承的相关规定作了详细阐述,表明了其适用范围,不过却存在着诸多不尽如意的地方,实有专门研究之必要。故,本人以“论我国涉外继承的法律适用”作为选题,试图基于涉外继承的基本理论阐释,在揭示我国《法律适用法》关于涉外继承法律适用之规定的基本特点的同时,剖析该法关于涉外继承法律适用之规定的主要缺憾,并对如何完善该法律规定提出了自己的见解。本文主要包括以下4个部分：第一部分,阐释涉外继承法律适用的基本理论。首先,针对涉外继承的相关概念及法律类型做了介绍。涉外继承的概念就是具有继承关系的各方或是与之有联系的要素里,其中一个要素与外国或外法域发生关联的继承制度或者继承程序的总称。涉外继承有法定和遗嘱之分。其次,依次阐述了涉外法定继承和涉外遗嘱继承的法律冲突。最后,论述了国际社会关于涉外继承的法律适用规则。其目的在于通过比较研究之方法,分析我国关于涉外继承法律适用之规定的特点和缺憾,并为研讨我国关于涉外继承法律适用之规定的完善提供基本素材。第二部分,阐述我国关于涉外继承法律适用规则的法律渊源与基本特点。我国关于涉外继承法律适用的的界定是来源于《民法通则》第149条、《继承法》第36条和《法律适用法》第31—第35条。上述法律规定具有如下基本特点：其一,法律适用上采用“分割制”；其二,主要将被继承人的“经常居所地”和“不动产所在地”作为确定涉外继承准据法的连结点。第三部分,剖析我国涉外继承法律适用之规定的主要缺憾。尽管时至今日我国关于涉外继承法律适用之规定已经较为完备和科学,但至少在如下方面尚存在缺憾：涉外法定继承法律适用之规定的法律条文表述不够严谨且未做到“惜字如金”,法律适用规则过于简单；涉外遗嘱继承法律适用之规定仅仅规定了“遗嘱方式”和“遗嘱效力”的法律适用,这是十分不够的。不仅如此,关于涉外遗嘱继承法律适用之规定完全无视遗产所在地法律也是不可取的；涉外无人继承遗产归属的法律适用之规定仅仅将“遗产所在地法”作为其准据法,法律适用规则太过于单一,不利于维护我国的权益。第四部分,论述完善我国涉外继承法律适用之规定的构想。我国涉外继承法律适用之规定应当从如下方面予以进一步完善：首先,应将我国关于涉外法定继承之法律适用规定为：“法定继承,动产适用被继承人死亡时的经常居所地法律或者国籍国法律,不动产适用不动产所在地法律。”其次,就涉外遗嘱相关的法律适用范围进行了规定,针对其遗嘱解释以及遗嘱的变更和撤销等相关法律的适用范围进行阐述,并且应当将遗产所在地法作为遗嘱继承的准据法之一；最后,关于无人继承遗产归属之法律适用应当作如下规定：“外国人和无国籍人死亡时,遗留在中国境内的财产,无继承人又无受遗赠人的,适用中华人民共和国的法律。中国公民死亡时,遗留在中国境外的财产,无继承人又无受遗赠人的,动产适用中华人民共和国的法律,不动产适用不动产所在地法。中华人民共和国与有关国家之间就无人继承遗产的处理有条约规定或者双边协定的,适用该国际条约和协定的规定。”
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of international trade and foreign marriage and other foreign-related civil and commercial relations, the inheritance of foreign relations has also developed rapidly. On the one hand, this relationship is not only related to the extension of the property ownership before the deceased, but also to the unity and stability of the family reproduction and marriage and family relations. Therefore, all countries are very heavy. On the other hand, due to the great differences in the historical and cultural traditions, moral concepts and religious beliefs of other countries, the conflict of law application rules about the inheritance of foreign affairs is very intense. So far, the international community has no international unified substantive norms on the inheritance of foreign affairs. In view of this, our country also attaches great importance to the formulation of the law applicable to the inheritance of foreign affairs. Through the civil laws related to the general rules of the civil law and the law of inheritance, we have given a clear provision for the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign affairs. However, for a long time, the above law in our country only stipulates the legal application of the legal inheritance of foreign affairs. However, there has never been any provision for the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign will. Although in 2011, the law applicable law on the legal application of People's Republic of China's foreign-related civil relations (hereinafter referred to as the law applicable law), the relevant provisions on the inheritance of foreign affairs have been elaborated in detail, indicating the scope of its application, but there are many unsatisfactory results. It is necessary for a special study to be studied. Therefore, I take "the application of the law of China's inheritance of foreign affairs" as a topic, trying to explain the basic characteristics of the law applicable law of China on the basis of the provisions of the applicable law on the inheritance of foreign laws in China, and to analyze the provisions of the law on the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign affairs. This article mainly includes the following 4 parts: the first part is to explain the basic theory of the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign affairs. First, it introduces the related concepts and legal types of the inheritance of foreign affairs. In the elements associated with it, one of the elements associated with the foreign or external jurisdictions or the general term of the inheritance procedure. The foreign inheritance has the statutory and testament points. Secondly, the legal conflict between the legal inheritance of foreign affairs and the inheritance of foreign will is expounded in turn. Finally, the legal application of the international community on the inheritance of foreign affairs is discussed. The aim of the rule is to analyze the characteristics and shortcomings of our country's provisions on the application of the law on foreign inheritance through comparative study, and to provide basic material for the discussion of the perfection of the provisions on the application of foreign inheritance laws in our country. In the second part, the legal origin and basic characteristics of the applicable rules for the application of foreign laws in China are expounded. The definition of the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign affairs comes from the 149th articles of the general rules of the civil law, the thirty-sixth articles of the inheritance law and the thirty-first to thirty-fifth of the law applicable law. The above legal provisions have the following basic characteristics: first, the application of the "division system" to the law; and the second, the principal will be the "regular residence" and the real estate of the successor. The place "as a connecting point to determine the applicable law of the inheritance of foreign affairs. The third part, the main shortcomings of the provisions of the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign affairs in our country. Although the provisions on the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign affairs are complete and scientific today, at least there are still shortcomings in the following aspects: the application of the legal inheritance law of foreign affairs. The provisions of the provisions of the provisions of the legal provisions are not strict and do not be "precious", the application of the law is too simple; the provisions of the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign will only stipulate the application of the "will of will" and "the validity of the will", which is not enough. It is not advisable to ignore the law of the place where the heritage is located; the legal application of the legal application of the inheritance of the heritage of the people involved in the inheritance is only the law of the site of the heritage, which is too single to protect the rights and interests of our country. In the fourth part, the concept of perfecting the provisions of the application of the law on the inheritance of foreign affairs in our country is discussed. The provisions of the application of the law on foreign inheritance should be further perfected from the following aspects: first, the legal application of the legal succession of our country should be stipulated as: "legal inheritance, the application of the law of the habitual residence when the heir dies, the law of the state of nationality, the law of the place of the real property applicable to the real property." The applicable scope of the laws related to the will is stipulated, and the applicable scope of the relevant laws, such as the interpretation of the will and the change and revocation of the will, should be expounded, and the law of the site of the heritage should be regarded as one of the applicable laws of the will of the will; finally, the law application on the ownership of the uninherited inheritance should be as follows: " When a foreigner or a stateless person dies, the property left over in China, no successor and no legacies, the law of the People's Republic of China is applicable. When the Chinese citizens die, the property left over in China, no inheritors and no legacies, the law of the People's Republic of China is applicable to the movable property and the real property is applicable to the place of real estate. Law. The provisions of the international treaties and agreements are applicable to the provisions of the international treaties and agreements between People's Republic of China and the countries concerned with no one to inherit a heritage. "
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923.5;D997

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