我国人格权商品化制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 17:43

本文选题：人格权 + 商品化　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着商品经济的发展，消费经济的变革影响着人们的生产生活，我们赖以生存的物品甚至权利商品化的趋势越来越明显。市场经济下的公众人物姓名、肖像等人格标识中蕴含着的巨大影响力，被消费者赋予了新的商业价值。随着人格标识商品化的产生和不断发展，而相关制度并未及时建立，当前因侵犯权利人人格权产生的纠纷层出不穷。本文通过对人格权商品化合理性基础探讨与对国外相应制度的借鉴，结合中国的立法现状，构建和完善中国的具体制度，主要从以下四个方面进行阐述：第一部分，人格权商品化概述。首先，详细解释人格权商品化制度的概念，阐明所谓人格权商品化，，主要是指权利主体通过将自身人格要素投入市场进行商业化利用的方式取得一定的收益作为回报的制度。其次，从市场经济发展、实际生活需要、公共媒介繁荣的现实基础，从少量的人格权本身已经在实际上拥有了财产权的性质，衍生了巨大的经济效益的理论基础，从宪法设置并保障公民的基本权利以及民法设置人身权独立章节的法律基础三个方面人格权商品化制度的合理性。第二部分，国外的人格权商品化制度及其启示。对美国隐私权和公开权并存的双重权利模式、德国人格权的精神权益和财产权益可以集中保护的统一权利制度、英国对损害自身人格标识的行为提起仿冒侵权之诉制度和日本创设一种新兴的商业形象权的制度进行分析，从各个制度的发展脉络和运行机制进行研究，给我国提供有益借鉴。第三部分，分析中国人格权商品化制度的立法现状和不足，我国的人格权法、著作权法、商标法和反不正当竞争法已经有了保护人格权商品化的相关法律条文，但是当前的立法现状仍存在不足。从人格权法保护对象存在局限性、主体权利具有“专属性”不能转让和继承、权利主体平等性不同、损害赔偿的责任方式受到限制等方面，从著作权法在保护的范围、手段、时间上存在缺陷、从商标法注册程序的繁琐性、注册对象局限于个体形象本身等方面以及从反不正当竞争法是一种调整规范带有着浓厚的公法色彩、范围无法覆盖到全部该制度保护的对象的后置保护模式等方面查找当前立法的不足，加以完善。第四部分，我国人格权商品化的制度设计。本部分在上一部分的基础上，结合中国的具体国情，根据立法原理与司法实践，借鉴德国的统一权利模式，对人格标识商业利用的权利保护范围更广，效果也更显著。最后，从以“损害填补”为主的侵权责任法、以“返还无法律依据之得利”为主的不当得利制度和以“恢复权利原有状态”为主的人格请求权等三个方面进行制度的构建。
[Abstract]:With the development of commodity economy, the change of consumption economy affects people's production and life. Under the market economy, the public personage names, portraits and other personality signs contain enormous influence, which has been given new commercial value by consumers. With the appearance and continuous development of the commercialization of personality logo, the relevant system has not been established in time. At present, disputes arising from the infringement of the right person's personality right emerge one after another. This paper discusses the rational basis of the commercialization of personality right and draws lessons from the corresponding systems in foreign countries. Combining with the current situation of China's legislation, this paper constructs and perfects the specific system of China, mainly from the following four aspects: the first part, Summary of commercialization of personality right. First of all, it explains in detail the concept of the commercialization system of personality right and clarifies that the so-called commercialization of personality right mainly refers to the system in which the subject of the right obtains a certain profit as a return by putting its personality elements into the market for commercial use. Secondly, from the development of the market economy, the actual needs of life, the realistic basis for the prosperity of the public media, and the fact that a small number of personality rights themselves have actually possessed the nature of property rights, they have derived the theoretical basis of enormous economic benefits. The system of commoditization of personality right is reasonable from three aspects: constitution setting up and guaranteeing citizen's basic rights and the legal basis of setting up independent chapter of personal right in civil law. The second part, the commercialization system of personality right abroad and its enlightenment. With regard to the dual right model of the coexistence of the right to privacy and the right to publicity in the United States, Germany has a unified right system in which the moral and property rights and interests of personality rights can be centrally protected. This paper analyzes the action system of impersonation in the United Kingdom and the system of creating a new right of commercial image in Japan, and studies the development and operation mechanism of each system, which can provide beneficial reference for our country. In the third part, the author analyzes the current situation and deficiency of the commercialization of personality right system in China. The law of personality right, copyright law, trademark law and anti-unfair competition law already have some relevant legal provisions to protect the commercialization of personality right. However, the current legislative situation is still inadequate. From the aspects of the limitation of the object protected by the personality right law, the right of the subject can not be transferred and inherited, the equality of the subject of the right, the limitation of the way of liability for damages, and so on, the scope and means of the protection of the copyright law are discussed. There are defects in time, such as the complexity of the registration procedure of trademark law, the object of registration limited to the individual image itself, and the fact that the anti-unfair competition law is a kind of adjustment norm with strong public law color. The scope cannot cover the post-protection mode of all the objects protected by the system. The fourth part, the system design of the commercialization of personality right in our country. This part is based on the previous part, combined with the specific conditions of China, according to the principle of legislation and judicial practice, drawing on the unified right model of Germany, the protection of the right to the commercial use of personality logo is wider, and the effect is more remarkable. Finally, the system is constructed from three aspects: tort liability law based on "compensation for damage", improper enrichment system based on "return of gains without legal basis" and personality claim mainly "restoring the original state of rights".
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】