孤儿作品的利用制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 07:20

本文选题：孤儿作品 + 著作权立法　；参考：《北京理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：孤儿作品是指，经过合理而勤勉地查找，仍不能确定该作品的权利信息或者虽然该作品权利信息可以确定，但出于种种原因无法联系到权利人的作品。即欲利用孤儿作品者因为各种客观原因，查找联系不到欲利用的相关作品的合法持有人（权利人）从而获得授权使用的情形。孤儿作品的产生，主要归因于著作权制度的发展（主要是著作权保护由注册保护变为自动保护，著作权保护期延长）。另外我国赋予法人和其他组织以作者身份，法人和其他组织发生合并、分立、解散、破产的概率比自然人死亡失踪、死亡要高很多，公司最低注册资本的解除使公司一类法人组织建立更加便利和顺畅，法人和其他组织的建立、变更和消亡往往非常频繁，这都将导致作品流传广泛而不易于寻找权利人，流传在外的作品因找不到权利人易成为孤儿作品的结果。对于尚未进入公有领域的作品，使用人经过合理而勤勉地查找，权利人信息仍然不明，在此情况下，使用人是否可以基于此理由对孤儿作品进行合法利用尚不确定。此种情况下，使用人惮于使用作品遭遇侵权之诉的危险，在很大程度上会放弃对该孤儿作品的利用；如果使用人执意直接使用该作品，则使用人有可能面对遭遇侵权之诉的风险，，即使用人处于进退两难的境地，这就是孤儿作品利用所面临的困境。对于孤儿作品的困境解决，社会各界也纷纷提出立法建议，以解决孤儿作品的利用问题。我国目前还没有孤儿作品这一概念,涉及其利用问题的法律规定更是少之又少。针对这一情况,本文分析了至今解决孤儿作品利用的立法实践和理论学说，并结合我国孤儿作品形成的独特原因与著作权保护的法制与现实环境，以孤儿作品现实存在的理论争议以及我国著作权法第三次修改为契机，分析比较国外解决此问题和争议的立法方案，并试图明确孤儿作品这一学术界尚未统一定义的概念，以及受利用的孤儿作品的类型，同时结合我国目前加入的国际公约和我国现行法律关于孤儿作品的零星规定，参照我国孤儿作品纠纷的实践案例，提出了评价孤儿作品利用方案的评判标准，提出引入新抗辩权制度，以期为我国著作权法第三次修改草案提供立法建议。
[Abstract]:Orphan works refer to that, after a reasonable and diligent search, it is still unable to determine the right information of the work or, although the right information of the work can be determined, it cannot be linked to the works of the right holder for various reasons. That is, the person who wants to use the orphan works, for various objective reasons, can not contact the legal holder (right holder) of the relevant work to be used in order to obtain the authorization to use. The generation of orphan works is mainly attributed to the development of copyright system (mainly the protection of copyright from registered protection to automatic protection, the extension of copyright protection period). In addition, China has given legal persons and other organizations the status of author. The probability of legal persons and other organizations merging, separating, dissolving, and going bankrupt is much higher than that of natural persons dying, missing, and dying. The dissolution of the lowest registered capital of a company makes it more convenient and smooth for a company to establish a kind of legal organization. The establishment, alteration and extinction of the legal person and other organizations are often frequent, which will lead to the widespread dissemination of works and the difficulty of finding the right holder. The result of the orphan's work is that the works that are out of the reach can not be found by the obligee. For a work that has not yet entered the public domain, it is still unclear whether the user can make use of the orphan's work legally on the basis of the reasonable and diligent search by the user. In such a case, the user would, to a large extent, give up the use of the orphan's work, fearing that the use of the work would be at risk of being sued for infringement; if the user insists on using the work directly, The user may face the risk of tortious action, even though the user is in a dilemma, which is the dilemma of the use of orphan works. In order to solve the plight of orphan works, various circles of society have put forward legislative suggestions to solve the problem of the utilization of orphans' works. At present, there is no concept of orphan works in our country. In view of this situation, this paper analyzes the legislative practice and theory of solving the utilization of orphans' works, and combines the unique causes of the formation of orphans' works in China and the legal and practical environment of copyright protection. Taking the theoretical controversy existing in the reality of orphans' works and the third revision of copyright Law as the turning point, this paper analyzes and compares the legislative plans of foreign countries to solve this problem and dispute, and attempts to clarify the concept of orphan's work, which has not yet been uniformly defined in academic circles. As well as the types of orphans' works that have been used, combined with the international conventions that our country is now a member of and the sporadic provisions of our country's current laws on orphans' works, referring to the practical cases of disputes over orphans' works in our country, This paper puts forward the evaluation criteria for the utilization scheme of orphan works and introduces a new system of defense right in order to provide legislative advice for the third revision draft of copyright Law in China.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.4

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