定金制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 15:17

【摘要】：定金合同是一种具有担保作用的合同。在双方当事人订立合同时,通过交付定金,运用定金罚则的威慑使得双方当事人遵守合同约定。定金与其近似概念不同,有着与其他担保方式不同的担保作用,他的担保是双向的；定金罚则与其他的违约救济也有不同的作用。这些性质特征决定了定金制度有需要进一步研究的价值。行文包括五部分：第一部分论及定金合同的内涵和历史,以及大陆法系和英美法系的定金合同分类,并对定金合同在中国的发展现状及立法分类进行评价。第二部分从定金合同的内容不同之处出发,分别从定金合同的标的物、定金所有权转移、定金合同的形式与交易方式、定金合同的内容要求等四个角度分析定金制度的性质。第三部分论及定金合同的识别问题。通过适用范围,目的性质,法律效力等方面的考察,比较定金与预付款,定金与押金,定金与违约金,定金与保证金,从而确定定金与价款之间的识别与适用问题。第四部分重点讨论了定金的惩罚性是如何与民法私法性质相符的,通过定金惩罚功能的作用表明其存在与民法主导的补偿性并不相悖。印证了定金罚则存在的合理性与正当性。第五部分就定金罚则的具体适用规则进行了具体的分析,通过对定金罚则的适用条件、部分适用、免除适用的逐个分析,探讨定金罚则的适用范围及程度。并着重讨论了定金与违约金、损害赔偿的并用问题,对现行司法实践的使用方法提出质疑并分析解决。
[Abstract]:A deposit contract is a guarantee contract. When both parties conclude a contract, by paying the deposit and using the deterrent of the deposit penalty, both parties abide by the contract agreement. The deposit is different from its approximate concept, it has different guarantee function from other guarantee ways, its guarantee is two-way, and the penalty of deposit has different function with other default relief. These characteristics determine the value of the deposit system for further study. The article includes five parts: the first part deals with the connotation and history of deposit contract, and the classification of deposit contract in continental law system and common law system, and evaluates the development status and legislative classification of deposit contract in China. The second part analyzes the nature of the deposit system from four aspects: the subject matter of the deposit contract, the transfer of the ownership of the deposit, the form and transaction mode of the deposit contract, and the content requirements of the deposit contract. The third part deals with the identification of deposit contract. Through the investigation of the scope of application, the nature of the purpose, the legal effect and so on, this paper compares the deposit and the advance payment, the deposit and the deposit, the deposit and the liquidated damages, and the deposit, so as to determine the identification and application between the deposit and the price. The fourth part focuses on how the punitive nature of the deposit is consistent with the nature of private law. The function of the penalty shows that its existence is not contrary to the compensatory nature dominated by the civil law. It confirms the rationality and legitimacy of the existence of deposit penalty. The fifth part has carried on the concrete analysis to the deposit penalty specific applicable rule, through to the deposit penalty application condition, the partial application, the exemption applies one by one analysis, discusses the fixed fee penalty to apply the scope and the degree. The paper mainly discusses the problem of the use of deposit, liquidated damages and damages, and puts forward some questions about the use of the current judicial practice and analyzes and solves the problems.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

【共引文献】