我国《民法总则》的颁行与民法典合同编的编订——从民事法律行为制度看我国《合同法》相关规则的完善

发布时间：2018-07-20 17:54

【摘要】：法律行为制度是民法典总则编的关键内容之一;法律行为制度源自合同法,其规则也主要适用于合同法。民法典总则编中关于法律行为的内容对于分则中的合同编规则有着重要的影响。2017年颁行的我国《民法总则》中"民事法律行为"的内容相对于1986年颁行的我国《民法通则》中的相应内容来说,无论是在量上还是在质上均有了重大的改变。这些创新主要包括:完善了沉默适用、意思表示解释的有关规则,增加了虚假表示和隐藏行为的规定,以显失公平吸收了乘人之危,增加了第三人欺诈和第三人胁迫的规定并对二者采取了区别规定;取消了合同的变更权,增加了重大误解撤销权行使期限的规定;对合同无效的判断标准采取了新的措辞。这些修订的绝大部分内容,一方面来源于对1999年颁布的我国《合同法》及其司法解释合理内容的总结与吸收;另一方面也源自对比较法经验的分析与归纳。这些内容都体现出立法质量的明显改善,在避免与总则冲突和简单重复的前提下,其中的部分内容应当为民法典合同编所体现。当然,我国《民法总则》关于民事法律行为部分的少部分增补,反映了中国立法者的一些独特立法政策考虑,从契约公平或契约效率的角度来看不无争议;其适用效果有待于未来的司法实践的进一步检验。
[Abstract]:The system of legal act is one of the key contents of the general rules of civil code, and the system of legal act originates from the contract law, and its rules mainly apply to the contract law. The contents of legal acts in the general provisions of the civil code have an important influence on the rules of contract making in the special provisions. The contents of "civil legal acts" in the general principles of civil law promulgated in 2017 are higher than those of our country in 1986 The corresponding contents of the General principles of Civil Law, There have been major changes in both quantity and quality. These innovations mainly include: perfecting the relevant rules of silent application and interpretation of meaning, adding the provisions of false representation and hidden behavior, so as to absorb the dangers of others without fairness. The provisions of fraud by third party and coercion by third party are added and the difference between them is adopted; the right to change the contract is cancelled and the provision on the duration of the exercise of the right of rescission is added; and the criterion of invalidation of the contract is given new wording. Most of these amendments come from the summary and absorption of China's contract Law promulgated in 1999 and the reasonable contents of its judicial interpretation, on the other hand, from the analysis and induction of the experience of comparative law. These contents all reflect the obvious improvement of the legislative quality. Under the premise of avoiding the conflict with the general principles and simple repetition, some of the contents should be embodied in the contract compilation of the Civil Code. Of course, the few additions to the part of the Civil Law Act in China reflect some unique legislative policy considerations of Chinese legislators, which are not without controversy from the angle of contract fairness or contract efficiency. Its application effect needs to be further tested in the future judicial practice.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心;
【基金】：中国人民大学-日内瓦大学种子基金—中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(项目编号:16XNQ021)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

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