民法视角下众筹平台法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 18:46

【摘要】：众筹作为互联网融资的一种模式,在融合小额资金完成众筹项目方面起着重要作用。在众筹融资过程中,众筹平台是联系筹资人和出资人的桥梁,为双方进行信息交流提供便利条件。从国内第一个众筹平台的建立到现在四百多家平台同时运行,仅用了短短几年时间,众筹平台的快速发展也暴露出许多问题,众筹平台在整个众筹融资活动中处于何种法律地位,所涉及的合同效力问题应当如何解决,平台的权利、义务应当如何架构,平台在何种情况下作为责任主体以及应当承担何种责任。对于这些问题,本文将主要通过实证分析方法和比较分析方法进行研究,从民法的角度作为切入点,希望为众筹平台在我国的长远发展尽一份绵薄之力。本文正文部分分为五个章节。第一章对众筹以及众筹平台的相关概念进行界定并进行类型化分析,认为众筹平台是专门用于发布项目融资信息,为筹资人和出资人提供信息沟通和交易便利的网站。然后按照不同分类标准对平台进行分类,在结合我国实践现状的基础上分析平台在运行中存在的问题。第二章主要对众筹平台的法律地位进行研究,认为中介型众筹平台的法律地位与居间人最为类似;担保型众筹平台在提供保证时为连带保证人;自营型众筹平台是交易当事人。第三章主要分析众筹平台所涉及的合同效力问题,众筹平台与筹资人、出资人以及资金托管方之间均存在合同关系,需要分析合同的效力。本文认为平台是否具备主体资格不影响合同的效力,众筹行为的合法性以及当事人的意思表示是影响合同效力的因素。第四章分析众筹平台的权利义务架构,不同类型众筹平台的权利义务也不相同,参照居间人的权利义务分析中介型众筹平台的权利义务,担保型众筹平台与自营型众筹平台还应当具有作为连带保证人和交易当事人的权利义务。第五章主要分析众筹平台的责任认定问题,针对实践中责任主体、责任性质、责任范围不清晰的问题,本文对具体情形下平台应当承担何种责任以及不同责任性质的归责原则,平台违反保密义务时的责任竞合以及平台责任免除进行分析,解决实践中众筹平台责任认定问题。
[Abstract]:Crowdfunding, as a mode of Internet financing, plays an important role in integrating small amounts of funds to complete crowdfunding projects. In the process of crowdfunding, crowdfunding platform is a bridge between fundraiser and funder, which provides convenient conditions for information exchange between the two sides. From the establishment of the first crowdfunding platform in China to the simultaneous operation of more than 400 platforms now, it took only a few years, and the rapid development of the crowdfunding platform also exposed many problems. What is the legal status of the crowdfunding platform in the whole crowdfunding activities, how the contractual effectiveness issues involved should be resolved, and how the platform's rights and obligations should be structured, Under what circumstances the platform is the subject of responsibility and what kind of responsibility should it bear. For these problems, this paper mainly through the empirical analysis method and comparative analysis method to study, from the perspective of civil law as a starting point, hoping to contribute to the long-term development of crowdfunding platform in China. The text of this paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter defines and types the concept of crowdfunding and crowdfunding platform, and thinks that crowdfunding platform is a website that is used to release project financing information and provide information communication and transaction convenience for fundraiser and funder. Then it classifies the platform according to different classification standards and analyzes the problems existing in the operation of the platform on the basis of the actual situation of our country. The second chapter mainly studies the legal status of crowdfunding platform, and thinks that the legal status of intermediary crowdfunding platform is the most similar to that of intermediary; the secured crowdfunding platform is the joint guarantor when providing the guarantee; the self-managed crowdfunding platform is the party involved in the transaction. The third chapter mainly analyzes the contract effectiveness of the crowdfunding platform. There is a contractual relationship between the multi-financing platform and the fundraiser, the funder and the trustee party, so it is necessary to analyze the effectiveness of the contract. This paper holds that the validity of the contract is not affected by whether the platform has the subject qualification or not, and the legitimacy of the crowdfunding act and the expression of the will of the parties are the factors affecting the validity of the contract. The fourth chapter analyzes the framework of rights and obligations of crowdfunding platform. The rights and obligations of different types of platform are also different. Referring to the rights and obligations of intermediary platform, this chapter analyzes the rights and obligations of intermediary platform. The guaranteed crowdfunding platform and the self-owned crowdfunding platform should also have the rights and obligations as joint guarantors and parties to the transaction. The fifth chapter mainly analyzes the responsibility identification of crowdfunding platform, aiming at the problem that the subject, nature and scope of responsibility are not clear in practice, this paper discusses what kind of responsibility the platform should bear and the imputation principle of different nature of responsibility under specific circumstances. In order to solve the problem of platform liability identification in practice, the platform breach of confidentiality obligation and platform liability exemption are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

【相似文献】