“人肉搜索”法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 21:09

【摘要】：“人肉搜索”通过众人力量追查事件真相,曝光私人信息,可分为公共事件型、道德谴责型、窥探隐私型、网络侦查型、网络互助型五种类型。作为在互联网技术支持下发展起来的“社区”模式,“人肉搜索”在中国社会的转型期具有特殊的社会功能,在舆论监督、弘扬公共道德、促进公民社会的自发成长等方面发挥着无与伦比的作用。但当其严重侵犯他人隐私权和名誉权等民事权益的时候,法律就应对其进行规制,从而实现公共利益和个体利益的综合平衡,同时也要处理好效率与公平的关系,确保其在维护正常社会生活秩序过程中发挥重要的功能。“人肉搜索”需要的不是禁止,而是在立法、执法和司法环节对其采取相应的规制措施。当前我国对“人肉搜索”的法律规制已形成多个法律部门的综合性治理体系。在立法中禁止“人肉搜索”是最近几年的趋势,但此举在网上受到了广泛的批评。我国《侵权责任法》首次明确规定网络侵权的主体和责任,对“人肉搜索”等侵权事件作出了积极回应,但也存在着缺陷,比如未能区分网络侵权和网络监督,对未成年人和公众人物等特殊主体的民事权益没有明确规定等,实践操作中还存在一些问题。“人肉搜索”固然需要规范,但并非一定要予以刑法规制,只需维持行政法监管与民事侵权法规制即可。“人肉搜索”法律规制要坚持言论自由与人格权保护的平衡原则、私人信息披露的适度原则、真实传播原则等,对其进行类型区分与褒贬选择,在实践中积累经验,正确理解和解释“人肉搜索”的侵权责任,加强对“人肉搜索”中隐私权和名誉权的妥善保护,在平衡中保护、促进和引导“人肉搜索”的理性发展。
[Abstract]:"Human flesh search" can be classified into five types: public event type, moral condemnation type, snooping privacy type, network investigation type and network mutual assistance type. As a "community" model developed with the support of Internet technology, "Human flesh search" has a special social function in the transitional period of Chinese society. Promoting the spontaneous growth of civil society and other aspects play an unparalleled role. However, when the civil rights and interests of others, such as privacy and reputation rights, are seriously violated, the law should regulate them so as to achieve a comprehensive balance between public and individual interests, and at the same time deal with the relationship between efficiency and fairness. To ensure that it in the maintenance of normal social order in the process of playing an important role. "Human flesh search" needs not to prohibit, but to take corresponding regulation measures in legislation, law enforcement and judicature. At present, the legal regulation of human flesh search in our country has formed a comprehensive governance system of many legal departments. Banning human search in legislation has been a trend in recent years, but the move has drawn widespread online criticism. For the first time, the Tort liability Law of our country clearly stipulates the subject and liability of network infringement, and has made positive response to such tort events as "human flesh search", but it also has some defects, such as the failure to distinguish between network infringement and network supervision. The civil rights and interests of special subjects, such as minors and public figures, are not clearly stipulated, and there are still some problems in practice. "Human flesh search" needs to be regulated, but it does not have to be regulated by criminal law. It is only necessary to maintain the system of administrative law supervision and civil tort regulation. The legal regulation of "human flesh search" should adhere to the principle of balance between freedom of speech and the protection of personality right, the principle of moderation of private information disclosure, the principle of true communication, and so on. We should correctly understand and explain the tort liability of "human flesh search", strengthen the proper protection of the right of privacy and reputation in "human flesh search", protect it in balance, and promote and guide the rational development of "human flesh search".
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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