论公共场所背景音乐的著作权保护
发布时间：2018-08-03 19:36
【摘要】：在公共场所播出录制好的音乐作品作为一种典型的机械表演,其所蕴含的著作权在日常生活中往往被人们忽视。究其原因,主要在于立法缺失,司法裁判标准不明以及收费制度不健全,人们通常因对抽象的机械表演权缺乏基础的认知,而在无意间侵犯了他人的合法权益。因此,要形成对音乐作品著作权人合法权益的有效保障,首先需要在立法上厘清机械表演权的规制范围,其次需要明确司法裁判标准,最后依次在收费主体、运行机制、利益分配等方面健全背景音乐收费制度,进而使得公众对公共场所背景音乐中的著作权权益达到应有的认知高度。立法方面,我国《著作权法》中关于机械表演的表述为用"各种手段"公开播送作品的表演。这样的界定方法不仅过于概括,还可能会造成表演权与其他著作财产权的重叠交叉。而无论是英美法系亦或是大陆法系的其他国家,对机械表演权的概述都更加明确具体。因而,我国需在立法中单列出机械表演权,并对其进行详细阐述。司法方面,目前国内的司法实务工作在公共场所背景音乐的著作权保护方面困难重重。技术层面存在着侵权证据难以采集、赔偿数额难以确定等诸多难题。及时采集侵权证据,确定一个合理得当的赔偿数额,有益于认定被告使用被侵权作品的具体情况,促使被告积极履行判决,从而对被侵权者的合法权益形成有效的保护。因此,需要通过对典型案例的借鉴来改善实务工作的境况。收费制度方面,国际上对背景音乐著作权的保护通常采取集体管理模式,我国的垄断式管理同自由竞争模式相比,尚存在一些不足之处。本文通过借鉴香港、日本以及美国的较为成熟的收费机制,探讨我国收费制度在会员制度、会费的征收与管理以及组织监督等方面可以完善之处,从而使背景音乐的著作权在实践层面得到更成熟的保护。公众意识方面,从零开始是非常艰难的起步,对于公众认知习惯的培养则需要普法与诉讼的双重作用。普法方面,可以邀请知名音乐人参与拍摄普法宣传片或微电影,再利用微博、微信公众号、朋友圈等新兴媒体转发来扩大宣传效果;执法方面则注意"因材施教",轻则警告,重则诉讼维权。同时,开展日常检查与突击抽查相结合的方式来加强对侵权行为的监管。
[Abstract]:As a typical mechanical performance, the copyright involved in the broadcast of recorded music works in public places is often ignored by people in daily life. The main reasons lie in the lack of legislation, the unclear standard of judicial decision and the imperfect charging system. People usually violate the legitimate rights and interests of others inadvertently because of the lack of basic cognition of abstract mechanical performance right. Therefore, in order to form an effective protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the copyright holders of music works, it is necessary to clarify the scope of regulation on the rights of mechanical performance in legislation, and then to clarify the standards of judicial adjudication, and finally, in turn, in the subject of charge and the operating mechanism. Interest distribution and other aspects of background music fee system, so that the public to the public background music copyright rights and interests to achieve the level of recognition. In terms of legislation, the expression of mechanical performance in copyright Law of our country is the public broadcasting of works by "various means". Such a definition is not only too general, but also may lead to the overlapping of performance rights and property rights of other works. Both Anglo-American law system and other countries in continental law system, the outline of mechanical performance rights are more specific. Therefore, our country needs in the legislation separately lists the mechanical performance right, and carries on the elaboration to it. In the aspect of judicature, there are many difficulties in protecting the copyright of background music in public places. At the technical level, there are many difficult problems, such as the difficulty of collecting the evidence of infringement and the difficulty of determining the amount of compensation. Collecting the tort evidence in time to determine a reasonable and appropriate amount of compensation is beneficial to determine the specific situation of the defendant using the infringing work, and to urge the defendant to fulfill the judgment actively, thus effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the infringee. Therefore, we need to improve the situation of practical work through the reference of typical cases. In the aspect of charging system, the international protection of background music copyright usually adopts the collective management mode. Compared with the free competition mode, the monopoly management of our country still has some shortcomings. By using the mature charging mechanism of Hong Kong, Japan and the United States for reference, this paper discusses how the fee system in our country can be perfected in the aspects of membership system, collection and management of membership fees, and organization supervision, etc. So that the background music copyright in the practical level to get more mature protection. In terms of public awareness, starting from scratch is a very difficult start, and the cultivation of public cognitive habits requires the dual role of law popularization and litigation. In the field of law popularization, famous musicians can be invited to participate in the shooting of popular law propaganda films or microfilms, and then use Weibo, WeChat public number, friends circle and other emerging media to spread the publicity effect. In law enforcement, attention should be paid to "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude," and warning them lightly. Litigious rights are upheld. At the same time, the combination of routine inspection and spot check to strengthen the supervision of infringement.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41
[Abstract]:As a typical mechanical performance, the copyright involved in the broadcast of recorded music works in public places is often ignored by people in daily life. The main reasons lie in the lack of legislation, the unclear standard of judicial decision and the imperfect charging system. People usually violate the legitimate rights and interests of others inadvertently because of the lack of basic cognition of abstract mechanical performance right. Therefore, in order to form an effective protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the copyright holders of music works, it is necessary to clarify the scope of regulation on the rights of mechanical performance in legislation, and then to clarify the standards of judicial adjudication, and finally, in turn, in the subject of charge and the operating mechanism. Interest distribution and other aspects of background music fee system, so that the public to the public background music copyright rights and interests to achieve the level of recognition. In terms of legislation, the expression of mechanical performance in copyright Law of our country is the public broadcasting of works by "various means". Such a definition is not only too general, but also may lead to the overlapping of performance rights and property rights of other works. Both Anglo-American law system and other countries in continental law system, the outline of mechanical performance rights are more specific. Therefore, our country needs in the legislation separately lists the mechanical performance right, and carries on the elaboration to it. In the aspect of judicature, there are many difficulties in protecting the copyright of background music in public places. At the technical level, there are many difficult problems, such as the difficulty of collecting the evidence of infringement and the difficulty of determining the amount of compensation. Collecting the tort evidence in time to determine a reasonable and appropriate amount of compensation is beneficial to determine the specific situation of the defendant using the infringing work, and to urge the defendant to fulfill the judgment actively, thus effectively protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the infringee. Therefore, we need to improve the situation of practical work through the reference of typical cases. In the aspect of charging system, the international protection of background music copyright usually adopts the collective management mode. Compared with the free competition mode, the monopoly management of our country still has some shortcomings. By using the mature charging mechanism of Hong Kong, Japan and the United States for reference, this paper discusses how the fee system in our country can be perfected in the aspects of membership system, collection and management of membership fees, and organization supervision, etc. So that the background music copyright in the practical level to get more mature protection. In terms of public awareness, starting from scratch is a very difficult start, and the cultivation of public cognitive habits requires the dual role of law popularization and litigation. In the field of law popularization, famous musicians can be invited to participate in the shooting of popular law propaganda films or microfilms, and then use Weibo, WeChat public number, friends circle and other emerging media to spread the publicity effect. In law enforcement, attention should be paid to "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude," and warning them lightly. Litigious rights are upheld. At the same time, the combination of routine inspection and spot check to strengthen the supervision of infringement.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41
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