从工具到财产:商标观念的历史变迁

发布时间：2018-10-10 16:18

【摘要】：商标与经济发展息息相关,对商标财产的认识历经数百年。中世纪起,商标只是作为所有权标记与商业秩序管理工具。工业革命前后,市场的崛起与商人利益集团的推动彻底改变了商标发展的历程,商标财产价值日益展现。18世纪起,商人团体积极游说政府进行商标立法,承认商标为其个人财产。在布莱克斯通思想影响下,商标在当时不能成为一种财产,防止欺诈才是其保护基础。后来,在霍菲尔德等学者的努力下,财产理论突破了布莱克斯通的局限,并在劳动理论指引下,英美法院意识到"使用创造财产",商标可以作为财产进行保护。而后,注册制度成为对商标进行财产保护之关键,如果商标获得注册,则自发出注册证的那一刻起,它就成为该注册证上列明者的财产。反淡化立法的出现,说明法院关注的焦点已不是消费者是否受到欺诈,而是将判案重心放在商标本身的财产价值。商标转让与许可的松动,则进一步体现了市场对商标财产的认同。
[Abstract]:Trademark and economic development are closely linked, the understanding of trademark property has been through hundreds of years. Since the Middle Ages, trademarks have been used only as tools for the management of ownership marks and business order. Before and after the Industrial Revolution, the rise of the market and the promotion of merchant interest groups completely changed the course of trademark development, and the value of trademark property became increasingly apparent. Since the 18th century, businessmen 'groups have actively lobbied the government for trademark legislation. To recognize a trademark as its personal property. Under the influence of Blackstone's thought, trademark could not be a kind of property at that time. Later, under the guidance of labor theory, the Anglo-American court realized that "use of creating property" and trademark could be protected as property. Then, the registration system becomes the key to the property protection of the trademark. If the trademark is registered, it becomes the property of the person listed in the registration certificate from the moment the registration certificate is issued. The emergence of anti-desalination legislation shows that the focus of the court is not on whether the consumer has been cheated, but on the property value of the trademark itself. The loosening of trademark assignment and license further reflects the recognition of trademark property in the market.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学民商法学院;
【分类号】：D923.43

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