言论自由与隐私权的冲突研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 12:26

【摘要】：言论自由是公民自由自主的发表言论、表达思想、主张、见解和观点的重要权利,是公民实现自我价值、参与社会管理的重要表达,是公民享有其他权利和自由的前提和基础。互联网信息技术的发展,使公民言论自由的行使有了更加畅通的渠道和广阔的平台空间,各种新兴媒体尤其是自媒体的产生和发展也为公民的主体性表达提供了更多的可能和更广阔的空间。隐私权是公民个人独处的权利,强调维护公民个人私生活不受打扰,个人空间不受侵犯。现代文明社会的发展使公民越来越重视个人空间的享有和个人私密的维护。传播媒介的兴盛和网络世界的发展使公民能够进行越来越广泛的言论表达,与此同时,公民隐私越来越无处可藏。这就不可避免的产生言论自由和隐私权之间的冲突。言论自由和隐私权都是宪法上的基本价值,在构建公民完整人格、促进社会文明和社会进步方面都发挥着重要的积极作用。在解决言论自由和隐私权之间冲突时,不应简单的作出非此即彼的取舍,而应当慎重地进行价值选择和利益衡量。目前,对于言论自由和隐私权冲突的解决机制我国法律对此尚无明确规定,法学理论界也为达成一致看法。笔者对言论、言论自由和隐私、隐私权等相关概念和理论的历史和学理演进进行了梳理,以期达到正确认识和界定相关概念的内涵的目的,明确了言论自由和隐私权的权利位阶、权利价值和权利范围等问题。随后,笔者结合司法实践和学界现有研究,总结出了言论自由和隐私权二者之间冲突的表现、原因等等问题。美国和德国是世界上对言论自由和隐私权的冲突解决比较成熟的国家,由于不同的历史文化背景和法律传统,两国在解决二者冲突时发展出了不同的规制原则和解决机制。本文在结合具体案例对德国、美国等国关于言论自由与隐私权冲突解决的相关制度和原则进行系统介绍的基础上,结合对我国相关立法和司法实践进行的分析,希冀根据我国具体的实际情况,探索出符合我国现实国情的二者冲突的解决模式。
[Abstract]:Freedom of speech is an important right for citizens to express their opinions, ideas, opinions and opinions freely and autonomously. It is also an important expression for citizens to realize their own value and participate in social management. It is also the premise and basis for citizens to enjoy other rights and freedoms. With the development of Internet information technology, the exercise of citizens' freedom of speech has more unimpeded channels and broad platform space. The emergence and development of various new media, especially the self-media, also provide more possibilities and wider space for citizens to express their subjectivity. The right to privacy is the right of individual privacy, which emphasizes the protection of private life of citizens and the inviolability of personal space. With the development of modern civil society, citizens pay more and more attention to the enjoyment of personal space and the maintenance of personal privacy. The prosperity of the media and the development of the network world enable citizens to express more and more widely, at the same time, the privacy of citizens is more and more nowhere to hide. This inevitably creates a conflict between freedom of speech and privacy. The freedom of speech and the right to privacy are the basic values of the Constitution and play an important and positive role in the construction of the citizen's complete personality and the promotion of social civilization and progress. In resolving the conflict between freedom of speech and privacy, we should not simply choose one or the other, but carefully choose value and weigh interests. At present, there is no clear stipulation on the conflict between freedom of speech and privacy, and the legal theorists agree. The author combs the historical and theoretical evolution of related concepts and theories, such as speech, freedom of speech, privacy, privacy and so on, in order to achieve the purpose of correctly understanding and defining the connotation of relevant concepts. The rights rank, value and scope of the right to freedom of speech and privacy are clarified. Then, the author summarizes the conflict between freedom of speech and privacy, reasons and so on. The United States and Germany are the mature countries in the world to resolve the conflict between freedom of speech and privacy. Due to different historical and cultural backgrounds and legal traditions, the two countries have developed different regulatory principles and settlement mechanisms in resolving the conflict. Based on the systematic introduction of the relevant systems and principles of conflict resolution between freedom of speech and privacy in Germany, the United States and other countries, this paper analyzes the relevant legislation and judicial practice in China. It is hoped that, according to the actual situation of our country, the solution mode of the conflict between the two should be explored according to the actual situation of our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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