情事变更原则在建设工程施工合同中的适用

发布时间：2018-10-17 22:04

【摘要】：近年来,在城市化进程的影响下,我国建筑行业以迅猛速度发展。与此同时,经济市场中充斥着众多不稳定因素,使得合同成立的客观基础在合同履行过程中往往会发生重大变化,继续履行合同可能会造成合同当事人之间的利益严重失衡。在此背景之下,情事变更原则在我国以司法解释的形式得以确立。情事变更原则具有高度抽象性,不同类型合同适用该原则的基础不尽相同,本文只选取一类合同,即建设工程施工合同进行研究。本文从建设工程施工合同自身的特殊性和复杂性入手,分析情事变更原则在该类合同中适用的必要性。列举在建设工程施工合同中可能引起情事变更原则适用的风险类型。对采用不同计价方式的建设工程施工合同适用情事变更原则的可能性进行分析。重点研究情事变更原则在具体适用过程中存在的困境并提出解决办法。细化情事变更原则在建设工程施工合同中的适用原则及标准。除引言之外,文章由四部分组成:第一部分分析情事变更原则在建设工程施工合同中适用的必要性。情事变更原则的确立有其必然性,作为一项具体法律原则,是由诚实信用原则发展而来,是对契约严守原则的补充。由于建设工程施工合同履约时间长,合同履行过程中易受外界因素影响,建材市场不稳定以及建筑企业风险承受能力弱等原因,使得建设工程施工合同的成立基础在合同履行过程中时常会发生变化,适用情事变更原则极具必要性。第二部分对可能引起建设工程施工合同成立基础变化的风险进行类型化分析,通过该分析可以发现情事变更与不可抗力、商业风险以及显失公平的概念具有相似性,容易被混淆,因此进一步分析它们之间的区别。由于建设工程施工合同往往采用不同的计价方式,这也会影响情事变更原则的适用,对其进行分析也是类型化分析的一部分。建设工程施工合同可能存在的风险类型主要有:不可抗力,原材料价格和劳务费用变动,工地异常状况以及政策、法律法规变化。情事变更与不可抗力区别的关键在于不可抗力事由造成的结果不同。不可预见并不能承受的风险和可以预见但不能承受的风险应当属于情事变更,不可预见但可承受的风险和可预见也可承受的风险是商业风险。情事变更与显失公平的区别主要在于当事人的主观态度。不同计价方式的建设施工合同均有适用情事变更原则的空间,但以固定价格合同为主。第三部分从六个方面分析建设工程施工合同适用情事变更原则的困境,包括:司法实践中对情事变更原则的适用不应过于保守;当事人不能约定排除情事变更原则的适用;无效的建设工程施工合同不能适用情事变更原则;因为招标和投标程序的特殊性,建设工程施工合同适用情事变更原则应以合同内容的确定为标准,而非合同成立;分担因适用情事变更原则而引发的损失时,应当考虑双方的实际损失和收益;情事变更应当构成免责事由。第四部分在前一部分分析的基础之上,明确情事变更原则在建设工程施工合同中的适用标准:第一,须有情事变更情形的发生,在建设工程施工合同中主要是指建材价格、劳务费用上涨和政策变化;第二,由于招标和投标程序的特殊性,情事变更发生在建设工程施工合同内容确定(即招标文件规定的提交投标文件截止日)之后履行完毕以前;第三,情事变更的发生不可归责于任何一方当事人,如因一方原因造成工程迟延,延迟期间发生情事变更的,不适用该原则;第四,情事变更是当事人在合同内容确定之时无法遇见的;第五继续履行合同会造成显失公平的后果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, under the influence of the urbanization process, China's construction industry has developed rapidly. At the same time, there are many destabilizing factors in the economic market, so that the objective basis of the contract formation tends to change significantly during the performance of the contract, and the contract may result in a serious imbalance between the parties. Under this background, the principle of change change is established in the form of judicial interpretation in our country. The principle of non-event change is highly abstract, and the foundation of the application of different types of contract is not the same, and only one kind of contract is selected in this paper, i.e. the construction contract of construction project is studied. This paper starts with the particularity and complexity of the construction contract itself, and analyzes the necessity of applying the change principle in this kind of contract. List the type of risk applicable to the principle of change of circumstances that may be caused in the construction contract of the construction project. This paper analyzes the possibility of applying the change principle of the construction contract applicable to different valuation methods. The paper focuses on the plight of the principle of the change of key research in the process of application and puts forward a solution. The principle and standard of application of the principle of change change in the construction contract of construction project. In addition to the introduction, the article consists of four parts: the necessity of application of the principle of change of the first part in the construction contract of the construction project. The establishment of the principle of the change of the event has its inevitability, as a specific legal principle, which is developed by the principle of good faith and is a supplement to the principle of strict adherence to the contract. As the contract performance time of the construction project is long, the contract performance process is easy to be influenced by external factors, the market instability and the weak risk tolerance of the construction enterprises, so that the foundation of the construction contract changes frequently during the performance of the contract, The principle of application change is very necessary. The second part analyzes the risk that may cause the foundation change of the construction contract of the construction project. Through this analysis, it can be found that the concept of event change and force majeure, commercial risk and obvious distortion is similar, and it is easy to be confused. thus further analyzing the differences between them. Because construction contracts often use different valuation methods, this will also affect the application of the principle of change change, and the analysis is also part of the analysis. The types of risks that may exist in the construction contract of the construction project include force majeure, changes in raw materials prices and labor costs, abnormal conditions of the construction site, and changes in policies and laws and regulations. The key to the difference between the change of the event and the force majeure is that the result of the force majeure is different. The risks that are not foreseeable and cannot be borne and the risks that can be foreseen but not borne shall be subject to change of circumstances, unforeseen but affordable risks and foreseeable and foreseeable risks are commercial risks. The difference between the change of the event and the fair is mainly due to the subjective attitude of the parties. The construction contract with different valuation methods has the space applicable to the change principle, but the fixed price contract is the main contract. The third part analyzes the dilemma of the principle of the change of the application of the construction contract from six aspects, including: the application of the principle of change in the judicial practice should not be too conservative; The invalid construction contract cannot apply the change principle; because of the particularity of the bidding and bidding procedures, the principle of change in the application of construction contract shall be based on the determination of the contract content, not the contract establishment; In the event of losses arising from the principle of change of applicable circumstances, the actual losses and benefits of both parties shall be taken into account; and the change of circumstances shall constitute a subject matter of exemption. The fourth part is based on the previous part of the analysis, and the application standard of the principle of the change of the change in the construction contract of the construction project: First, the occurrence of the circumstance of the change of the event is necessary, and in the construction contract of the construction mainly refers to the price of the goods, the increase in the labor cost and the change of the policy; and the second, Due to the particularity of the bidding and bidding procedures, the change of the circumstances occurs before the construction contract content is determined (i.e. the deadline for submission of the bidding document as stipulated in the Bidding Document); and thirdly, the occurrence of the event change cannot be imputed to any party, If the construction delay is caused by one party, the change of the circumstances during the delay period shall not apply the principle; and fourthly, the change of the event is not met when the party determines it in the contract content; and the fifth continuation of the contract will result in the consequences of fair and unfair.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.6

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