租借机动车交通事故侵权责任的类型化分析——《侵权责任法》第49条的适用困境及其破解

发布时间：2018-10-18 09:08

【摘要】：对于租借机动车交通事故侵权,我国《侵权责任法》第49条一概将机动车所有人排除在机动车保有者之外,仅让其承担一般过错侵权责任的做法并不妥当。无论是从"运行支配十运行利益"标准入手,还是从危险责任理论考察,抑或是从侵权责任法的功能价值来看,机动车所有人均有被认定为保有者进而承担无过错交通事故侵权责任的可能性与正当性。对于租借机动车情形下所有人是否丧失保有者身份的判断,受害人只需证明所有人与机动车之间的权属关系即可,由所有人证明在事故发生时对机动车不再享有运行支配能力与运行利益。租借机动车发生交通事故时,如果所有人和使用人同为机动车保有者,则两者应基于"共同保有者"的身份承担连带责任;如果只有机动车使用人被认定为保有者,所有人仅为一般侵权责任主体,则所有人与使用人之间承担何种形态类型的侵权责任需依两者的过错类别而定。
[Abstract]:Article 49 of the Tort liability Law of our country excludes the owner of motor vehicle from the owner of motor vehicle, and it is not appropriate to let the owner of motor vehicle bear the liability of general fault tort. Whether it begins with the criterion of "operation dominates the ten operating interests", or from the theory of dangerous liability, or from the functional value of tort liability law, Motor vehicle owners have the possibility and legitimacy to assume liability for no-fault traffic accident infringement. In the case of a leased motor vehicle, the victim needs only to prove the ownership relationship between the owner and the motor vehicle in order to determine whether the owner has lost his possessive status. The owner certifies that the motor vehicle is no longer entitled to operating power and operating benefits at the time of the accident. In the event of a traffic accident involving a leased motor vehicle, if the owner and the user are both vehicle owners, they shall be jointly and severally liable on the basis of the status of "joint possessor"; if only the motor vehicle user is considered to be the owner, If the owner is only the main body of tort liability, the form of tort liability between the owner and the user depends on the fault type of both.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学民商法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国侵权责任法改革研究”(16JD820015) 西南政法大学2016年度校级科研项目“数人侵权责任形态的运行与创新机制研究”(2016XZQN-01)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D923

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