论第三人介入下安全保障义务人的责任

发布时间：2018-10-18 16:26

【摘要】：随着工业化进程的加快,社会交往的增多,人们越来越关注安全保障义务,迫切需要法律提供更为全面的保护。现行法中,有关安全保障义务的规定尚未完善,阻碍了侵权法功能的发挥。司法实践中,法官对第三人介入下安全保障义务人是否尽到安全保障义务的判断标准、举证责任的分配、责任形态的确定等问题认识不统一,导致裁判尺度不一致。目前,对第三人介入下安全保障义务人责任的理论研究,多局限于未尽安全保障义务行为与损害结果之间的因果关系、补充责任的性质等某一方面的问题,鲜有对第三人介入下未尽安全保障义务行为的性质、该行为与第三人行为之间的关系、侵权责任的构成要件、责任形态等问题的系统分析。恰恰是因为立法规定的不完善和理论研究的不深入,导致司法实务中问题层出不穷。因此,本文将结合立法和司法实务中存在的问题,采用比较研究法、裁判研究法,从第三人介入下未尽安全保障义务行为的性质入手,分析安全保障义务人侵权责任的归责原则和构成要件,确定安全保障义务人的责任形态。本文分四个部分:引言:通过分析典型案例,指出司法实务中,存在着对第三人介入下安全保障义务人是否尽到安全保障义务的判断标准、举证责任的分配、责任形态的确定等内容,裁判尺度不统一的问题。指出现行法规定的不完善和理论研究的不深入,使以上问题不能得到解决。因此,本文采用比较研究法和裁判研究法,对第三人介入下安全保障义务人的责任进行探究。第一章:确定第三人介入下安全保障义务人行为的性质。首先对安全保障义务人责任中出现的“第三人”概念进行界定;在明确概念的基础上,依第三人行为作用和主观状态的不同,对第三人和安全保障义务人行为结合的类型进行划分;结合不同的类型,分析第三人介入下安全保障义务人行为的性质。第二章:研究第三人介入下安全保障义务人侵权责任的归责原则。从归责的本质、证明的对象、作用的结果三个方面,对过错责任和过错推定进行比较,确定第三人介入下安全保障义务人侵权责任的归责原则;类比《侵权责任法》中教育机构安全保障义务里有关举证责任的规定,提出完善立法的建议;结合行为的不同类型,对司法实务中分歧较大的公平责任能否适用问题进行探讨。第三章:分析第三人介入下安全保障义务人侵权责任的构成要件。对比侵权责任三要件说和四要件说,结合安全保障义务的特点,确定第三人介入下安全保障义务人侵权责任的构成要件;对各具体构成要件进行分析,指出第三人介入下确定安全保障义务范围的原则和标准,明确安全保障义务人的责任范围,提出判断违反安全保障义务行为与损害结果之间因果关系的方法。第四章:确定第三人介入下安全保障义务人的责任形态。从安全保障义务人承担责任的理论基础入手,通过对现行法中的补充责任、国内外有关安全保障义务人责任形态的学说和做法进行比较,确定第三人介入下安全保障义务人的责任形态,提出在第三人、安全保障义务人、受害人之间分配具体责任的方法。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the industrialization process and the increase of social interaction, people pay more and more attention to the security guarantee obligations, and there is an urgent need to provide more comprehensive protection for the law. In the current law, the provisions on the obligation of security guarantee have not been improved, and the function of tort law is hindered. In the judicial practice, the judge's judgment criterion, the allocation of the burden of proof, the determination of the form of responsibility and so on are not uniform, which leads to inconsistent judgment scale. At present, the theoretical study of the responsibility of the obligor under the intervention of the third party is limited to the problem of the causal relationship between the behavior of safety guarantee obligation and the result of damage, the nature of supplementary responsibility and so on. A systematic analysis of the relationship between the behavior and the third party's behavior, the constitutive requirements of the tort liability, the form of responsibility, etc. is seldom done under the intervention of the third party. It is precisely because of the imperfection of legislative provisions and the indepth of theoretical research, which leads to endless problems in judicial practice. Therefore, in the light of the problems existing in legislation and judicial practice, this paper starts with the nature of the behavior of security guarantee obligation under the intervention of the third party, analyzes the principle of imputation and the constitutive requirements of the duty of tort of the obligor. Determine the form of responsibility of the security guarantee obligors. This article is divided into four parts: Introduction: By analyzing the typical cases, it is pointed out that in the judicial practice, there is the judgment standard, the allocation of the burden of proof and the determination of the form of responsibility in the intervention of the third party. There's a problem with the referee's scale. It is pointed out that the imperfection of the current law and the indepth of theoretical research can not solve the above problems. Therefore, using the comparative research method and the referee research method, this paper probes into the responsibility of the security security obligor under the intervention of the third party. Chapter one: To determine the nature of the behavior of the obligor under the intervention of the third party. First of all, it appears in the responsibility of the security guarantee obligors" third person "The concept is defined; on the basis of the clear concept, the type of the act of the third person and the security guarantee obligor is divided according to the different actions of the third person and the subjective state, and the nature of the behavior of the security guarantee obligor under the intervention of the third party is analyzed according to the different types. Chapter two: To study the principle of imputation of tort liability of the obligor under the intervention of the third party. On the basis of the nature of imputation, the object and the result of action, the author compares the fault liability and the presumption of fault, and determines the principle of imputation of tort liability of the third party under the intervention of the third party. Analogy The provisions of the burden of proof in the security guarantee obligation of educational institutions in China, put forward suggestions to perfect the legislation; and explore the applicability of the fairness responsibility in judicial practice with different types of behavior. The third chapter is to analyze the constituent elements of tort liability of the obligor under the intervention of the third party. Comparing the three elements of tort liability and four elements, combining the characteristics of security guarantee obligation, the article determines the constituent elements of tort liability of the third party under the intervention of the third party, and analyzes the specific constitutive requirements. The author points out the principle and standard of determining the scope of security guarantee obligation under the intervention of the third party, makes clear the scope of responsibility of the security guarantee obligor, and puts forward a method to judge the causal relationship between the behavior of breach of security guarantee obligation and the result of damage. Chapter 4: To determine the form of responsibility of the obligor under the intervention of the third party. On the basis of the theory basis of the responsibility of the security guarantee obligors, the author compares the supplementary responsibility in the current law, the theory and practice of the responsibility pattern of the security guarantee obligors at home and abroad, determines the liability form of the security guarantee obligors under the intervention of the third party, and puts forward that in the third party, A method of assigning specific responsibilities between a security guarantee obligor and a victim.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D923

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