空虚所有权交易与大陆法系的以房养老模式

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:31

【摘要】：保留用益权的空虚所有权交易是大陆法系传统的一种财产分配方式,利用所有权的弹性,所有权人在移转物的空虚所有权后,仍然保有对物使用收益的权利,由此将归属和用益权能分配给不同的主体。这一制度起源于罗马法。在老龄化社会和经济危机中,欧洲国家通过这种交易方式实现以房养老的目的。在资金短缺的情况下,老人将房屋区分为两个更小的价值体,然后出售其中的空虚所有权,继续在原来的房屋中居住,而投资方能够以相对少的金额购买到一个空虚所有权。在我国既有的研究中,主要借鉴的是美国倒按揭制度,但是由于缺乏配套的金融环境,实践进展缓慢,并且在制度上对于所有权移转和房屋维护缺乏足够的保护;而空虚所有权交易以物权法为基础,民众可以通过意思自治实现以房养老的意愿,购买人也可以获得良好的投资机会。这一新的路径的研究有利于促进我国以房养老制度与物权法的结合。
[Abstract]:The empty ownership transaction of retention of usufruct is a traditional method of property distribution in the continental law system. With the flexibility of ownership, the owner retains the right to use the proceeds after the empty ownership of the transferred thing. As a result, ownership and usufruct power are assigned to different subjects. This system originated from Roman law. In an aging society and economic crisis, European countries through this way to achieve the purpose of housing pension. In the case of a shortage of capital, the old man divides the house into two smaller value objects, then sells the empty ownership and continues to live in the original, while the investor can buy an empty ownership for a relatively small sum. In the existing research in our country, the main reference is the American reverse mortgage system, but due to the lack of supporting financial environment, the practice progress is slow, and in the system for the transfer of ownership and housing maintenance lack of adequate protection; The emptiness ownership transaction is based on the property law, the people can realize the will to provide for the aged by the will autonomy, the purchaser can also obtain the good investment opportunity. The research of this new path is helpful to promote the combination of housing endowment system and real right law.
【作者单位】：上海交通大学凯原法学院;
【分类号】：D913

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