户外广告许可利益的分配

发布时间：2018-11-05 11:24

【摘要】：近年来,城市中的户外广告所带来的巨大收益也使得围绕在户外广告许可上的利益之争从未停歇过。在实践中,政府把私人建筑物上的"户外广告发布权"许可给第三人并参与户外广告许可的利益分配的做法引发了极大的争议。争议的核心问题即私人建筑上的户外广告许可利益应该如何分配?本文在梳理现行立法中户外广告许可利益的分配模式的基础上,从户外广告设置许可的利益分配基础、利益分配方式和利益分配对象三个方面讨论了户外广告许可利益的分配问题。户外广告的行政规制经历了规划、许可和监督三个阶段,作为规制中心环节的许可主要包括户外广告内容许可、户外广告设置许可和户外广告设施建设工程规划许可,实践中主要是户外广告设置许可引起了利益分配的纠纷。地方立法所规定的多样化的利益分配模式中,户外广告设置许可的收益来自于建筑物所有权与空间使用权的对价。建筑物所有权带来的收益归属于建筑物所有者毋庸置疑。因此户外广告设置许可利益的分配焦点落在了城市空间的权利归属上。在现行的法律体系下,城市空间的法律性质表现为土地所有权和建设用地使用权。当土地所有权与建设用地使用权发生分离之后,建设用地使用权人和土地所有权人都应该享有对土地地表上下一定范围内的空间利用权。作为土地所有权人的国家和建设用地使用权人的私人之间所享有的空间范围首先应当根据出让合同的约定进行确认。缺乏约定的情况下,在出让合同约定之外的空间都归属于土地所有权人,但建设用地使用权人在合理使用的范围内享有空间权利,其合理利用的空间范围取决于其对土地加以利用的性质和利用方式。在城市空间权属界分的基础上,如果城市空间完全包含在建筑物业主的土地使用权的空间范围内,那么相应的户外广告设置许可的收益就应当归私人业主所有;反之,若户外广告设置使用了溢出建设用地使用权范围的空间,则溢出部分的户外广告许可收益归国家所有,由政府代为收取。在利益的分配方式上,在私人建筑物及私人空间内设置的户外广告,其设置许可应该采取普通许可的模式。对于占用了城市的公共空间资源的户外广告,则应该采用行政特许的方式,通过拍卖、招标等公平竞争的方式对户外广告发布权进行合理配置。在户外广告设置许可的补偿机制上,因为户外广告设置规划的限制,城市空间上的户外广告发布权最终只能由部分空间所有权人或者使用权人获得,因此户外广告设置规划对城市空间的资源配置具有不均衡性。这样的分配机制导致了部分建设用地使用权人无法设置户外广告,但这是民主共识和科学决策的共同结果,具有正当性。因此,因规划而不能享有户外广告发布权的私人无权获得补偿。在户外广告设置许可的负外部效应的问题上,建筑物所有人通过户外广告场地租赁协议或招标拍卖获得相应的补偿,实现了外部效应的内部化。出于平等原则和效率的考虑,设置户外广告建筑物的相邻人的利益同样受到户外广告的负面影响,因此户外广告建筑物的相邻人应该也从户外广告设置许可的收益中获得一定的补偿。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the huge benefits brought about by the city's trade deficit have also led to a never-ending debate about the interests of the city's licensing. In practice, the Government has raised considerable controversy over the practice of allowing the "Right to issue and issue" of private buildings to be granted to the third person and to participate in the distribution of benefits granted by the third party. The core question of the dispute is how the private sector's licensing interests should be allocated? On the basis of combing the interests of the license in the current legislation, this paper discusses the distribution of the benefits of the license from the three aspects: the benefit distribution base, the benefit distribution mode and the benefit distribution object. The administrative regulation of the administrative department has undergone three stages of planning, licensing and supervision, and the license as the central link of the regulation mainly includes the license of the construction content, the license to set up the license and the planning permission of the construction project of the construction facility. In practice, it is mainly the dispute about the distribution of interests caused by the arrangement of licenses. In the diversified interests declaration provided by local legislation, the income from the establishment of the license is derived from the price of ownership of the building and the right to use of space. The benefits of building ownership are unquestioned by the owner of the building. Therefore, the distribution focus of the set of licensing benefits falls on the ownership of the urban space. Under the current legal system, the legal character of urban space is the land ownership and the use right of construction land. After the land ownership and the construction land use right have been separated, the construction land use right person and the land owner should enjoy the right to use the space within a certain range up and down on the earth's surface. The space scope enjoyed between the state of the land owner and the private owner of the construction land-use right shall first be confirmed according to the agreement of the assignment contract. In the absence of an agreement, space outside the contract agreement belongs to the owner of the land, but the right to use the space shall enjoy the space right within the reasonable use scope, and the reasonable utilization space scope depends on the nature and utilization mode of its utilization of the land. On the basis of the urban space ownership boundary, if the urban space is completely contained within the space scope of the land use right of the owner of the building, the corresponding income of the urban space shall be owned by the private owner; otherwise, If the space for the use of the land-use right range of the overflow construction land is used, the revenue from the overflow part shall be owned by the state and collected by the government on behalf of the state. In the distribution of benefits, in private buildings and in private spaces, the setting permits shall be in the normal permitted mode. In the case of public space resources occupying the city, administrative licensing shall be adopted, and the right to issue the public space shall be reasonably allocated through auction, bidding and other fair competition. On the basis of the compensation mechanism for setting the license, because of the limitation of the layout planning, the publishing right in the city space can only be obtained by the partial space owner or the right-to-use person, Therefore, the resource allocation planning for urban space has uneven distribution. Such a distribution mechanism has led to the failure of the right to use the right to use the land for the construction of land, but this is the common result of democratic consensus and scientific decision-making, and it is justified. Therefore, there is no right to compensation for the private right to be entitled to the right to issue owing to the planning. On the basis of the negative external effect of setting permission, the owner of the building obtains the corresponding compensation through the auction site lease agreement or the bidding auction, and the internalization of the external effect is realized. For the sake of equality principle and efficiency, the interests of the adjacent people of the building are also adversely affected, so that the adjacent people of the building should also obtain certain compensation from the income from which the permission is set.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.2

【相似文献】