过失相抵原则在铁路运输人身损害赔偿中的适用

发布时间：2018-11-06 17:32

【摘要】：过失相抵原则是损害赔偿中责任分担的重要原则。由于铁路运输行业现目前是国家垄断之下的特殊行业,过失相抵原则在铁路运输人身损害赔偿案件中的适用问题不仅关乎受害人与运输企业责任的承担,更关乎社会的稳定问题。作为审判人员怎样在特殊性下适用该原则以到达法律效果和社会效果的统一提出了要求。因此,为了解过失相抵原则在铁路运输人身损害赔偿案件中的适用情况,笔者采集并挑选26篇法院判决书样本,运用实证分析法、比较法等方法进行分析。本篇文章除引言外,下剩如下四个部分:第一部分是问题的提出:以相关法律文本为切入点。为了解实务部门对该原则的适用情况,笔者收集44篇判决书,根据写作的需要挑出26篇进行分析总结,发现法院在此类案件中要准确适用过失相抵原则都无法避免三个焦点问题:受害人是否有过失和铁路运输企业是否尽到安全防护、警示等义务以及铁路运输企业承担责任的份额划分,并分析焦点问题适用的难点。第二部分是铁路运输人身损害赔偿中过失相抵原则适用时受害人过失的认定。先对受害人的过失的性质进行定性,然后分析在此类案件中受害人过失的种类以及对认定标准进行分析,在此基础上结合样本类型化受害人之过失。第三部分是铁路运输企业安全防护、警示等义务的认定。首先分析该义务的理论基础,然后讲述其所包含的内容,最后分析在具体案件中该采用什么标准来认定。第四部分是铁路运输人身损害赔偿中过失相抵原则适用时责任份额的划分。在第二部分和第三部分的基础上怎样做出一个公平合理的责任比例划分,根据过失比较说、原因力比较说的传统观点,提出此类案件应采用过失比较说为主,原因力比较为辅的划分标准。
[Abstract]:The principle of fault offset is an important principle of liability sharing in compensation for damages. As the railway transportation industry is currently a special industry under the state monopoly, the application of the principle of fault offset in the case of compensation for personal injury in railway transportation is not only related to the liability of the victim and the transportation enterprise. It is also a matter of social stability. As a judge how to apply the principle under the particularity in order to achieve the unity of legal effect and social effect. Therefore, in order to understand the application of fault offset principle in railway transportation personal injury compensation cases, the author collected and selected 26 court judgment samples, and used empirical analysis, comparative method and other methods to analyze. In addition to the introduction, this article is composed of four parts: the first part is the question of the relevant legal texts as the entry point. In order to understand the application of the principle in practical departments, the author collected 44 judgments and selected 26 for analysis and summary according to the need of writing. It has been found that the accurate application of the fault offset principle by the court in such cases cannot avoid three focal points: whether the victim is at fault and whether the railway transport company is doing its best to protect itself. The duty of warning and the share division of railway transportation enterprises are analyzed. The second part is the determination of the fault of the victim when the principle of fault offset is applied in the compensation for personal injury of railway transportation. Firstly, the nature of the fault of the victim is qualitatively analyzed, then the category of the fault of the victim in such cases and the criterion of identification are analyzed, and on this basis, the fault of the victim is classified in the sample. The third part is the identification of railway transportation enterprises safety protection, warning and other obligations. First, the theoretical basis of the obligation is analyzed, then the content of the obligation is described. Finally, what criteria should be adopted to determine the obligation in a specific case are analyzed. The fourth part is the division of liability share when the principle of fault offset is applied in compensation for personal injury in railway transportation. On the basis of the second part and the third part, how to make a fair and reasonable division of responsibility ratio, according to the traditional viewpoint of fault comparison theory and reason force comparison theory, the author puts forward that this kind of cases should adopt fault comparison theory. The criterion of division is the comparison of causative force.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923

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