法经济学视角下的特留份制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 00:04

【摘要】：随着《民法总则》的通过,民法典的修订逐渐加快了脚步,而继承作为民法典的重要组成部分,它的修改与扩充也是其中一个要点。在其他国家,特留份制度已经存在良久,各自形成了自己独特的体系,由于其对遗嘱自由的限制作用,使其成为继承法中必不可少的一部分。我国的继承法中始终没有出现关于特留份制度的规定,而刚刚通过的《民法总则》中保护胎儿的遗产权利的规定在某种程度上,昭示着特留份即将出现在新的民法典当中。由此,特留份制度的设立已是箭在弦上,而如何设立还是未知数。关于特留份设立的相关问题有如下几个方面:首先,什么是特留份制度,它的概念是什么,与必留份制度间有怎样的关系,它的特征又是什么;其次,特留份制度设立的依据是什么,是否有它必须存在的理论支撑;最后,在我国特留份制度究竟应当如何设立,权利人范围、权利的限制与保护、份额等问题如何设置。根据上述问题,文章主要结构分为三大部分,分别是特留份制度概述、特留份制度的理论基础和特留份制度的立法展望,在这三部分中,依次对前文所罗列的问题进行阐述。特留份制度的概述中首先从对现有的资料的分析中得出我国需要设立的特留份制度的概念,包括它的定义、主体、客体、权利义务等,然后对特留份制度在其他国家的发展情况进行简单介绍,最后对特留份在我国立法中曾经出现过的痕迹进行梳理。特留份的理论基础部分主要介绍特留份设立的法理基础和法经济学基础。法理基础包括立法精神、社会效益、公序良俗等方面,法经济学基础则是通过制度的博弈演化理论和成本效益均衡分析的知识来为其提供理论支持。文章重点在于最后特留份制度的立法展望部分,在这一章中会提出特留份制度立法的具体构想。包括能够享有特留份的继承人应当有哪些,如何确定他们的身份,还有当特留份权利受到侵害时能有怎样的救济方式,在这些救济方式下应当如何操作,最后通过对能够影响到特留份份额确定的因素的分析总结出具体的确定方案。文章围绕特留份制度设立的相关问题依次展开,层层递进,力求清晰展现特留份制度的脉络,为相关问题寻求合理的解释。
[Abstract]:With the adoption of the General principles of Civil Law, the revision of the Civil Code has gradually quickened its pace. As an important part of the Civil Code, the amendment and expansion of the Civil Code is also one of the key points. In other countries, the retention system has existed for a long time, each has formed its own unique system, because of its restrictions on the freedom of will, it has become an indispensable part of the inheritance law. The inheritance law of our country has never appeared the stipulation of the special retention system, but the provisions on protecting the right of the fetal heritage in the newly adopted General principles of Civil Law, to some extent, indicate that the special retention will soon appear in the new civil code. As a result, the establishment of the retention system has been on the string, and how to set up is still unknown. There are several aspects about the establishment of special retention: first of all, what is the special retention system, what is its concept, what is the relationship between it and the mandatory share system, and what are its characteristics; Secondly, what is the basis of the establishment of the special retention system, whether it must exist theoretical support; finally, in our country, the special share system should be set up, the scope of the right holder, the restriction and protection of the right, the share and so on how to set up. According to the above problems, the main structure of the article is divided into three parts: the outline of the special retention system, the theoretical basis of the special retention system and the legislative outlook of the special retention system. In these three parts, the problems listed in the preceding articles are expounded in turn. In the outline of the special retention system, firstly, from the analysis of the existing information, the concept of the special retention system, including its definition, subject, object, rights and obligations and so on, is derived from the analysis of the existing information in our country. Then it briefly introduces the development of the retention system in other countries, and finally combs the traces that have appeared in the legislation of our country. The theoretical basis part mainly introduces the legal basis and the legal and economic basis. The legal basis includes legislative spirit, social benefits, public order and good customs, etc. The basis of law and economics is to provide theoretical support through the game evolution theory of system and the knowledge of cost-benefit equilibrium analysis. In this chapter, the author puts forward the concrete conception of the legislation of the retention system. Including what should be the heirs who are able to enjoy the extra portion, how to determine their identity, and what remedies can be provided when the retention rights are infringed on, and how to operate under these remedies, Finally, through the analysis of the factors which can affect the determination of the extra share, the specific determination scheme is concluded. The article revolves around the establishment of the special share system in turn, layer by layer, trying to clearly show the context of the system, to find a reasonable explanation for the relevant issues.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.5

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