专利法中先用权制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 08:17

【摘要】：在新一轮的科技革命和产业革命正在全世界范围内孕育的时代背景下,科技创新逐步成为国家发展的主要驱动力。知识产权作为一项具有极强独占性的权利,必将成为保护科技创新成果的有力武器。而作为知识产权立法核心的专利权制度,因其具有更强烈的垄断性、更突出的创新性和更直接的经济性,将会是科技成果的最有力的保护工具。不过,正是由于专利权的这种垄断性和商业性,很容易导致权利人为了追求经济利益而过度使用权利,从而限制同行业对手的公平市场竞争。这是有违专利制度的立法初衷的。对此,专利法中先用权制度则能够很好地对抗过度使用的专利权,维护市场竞争者的合法利益,合理平衡专利权人与先用权人的权利。本文主要有五个部分:第一部分是案情介绍及争议焦点。通过对王孝忠诉中高公司专利侵权这一真实案例的描述,引出本文所要研究的先用权制度;在此基础上通过对案件争议焦点——如何合理界定先用权的“原有范围”的确立,以及一审和二审法院判决的评析,来说明我国先用权制度存在的问题。第二部分为先用权制度的理论概述。本部分以先用权的概念、法理基础为依托阐述了先用权制度的立法价值,即合理平衡先用权人和专利权人的权益,以及鼓励科技创新和专利技术的实际应用;同时,通过对当前理论界有关先用权性质的独立权利理论和抗辩权理论的对比分析,总结出两大主流观点各自的偏颇及合理之处。第三部分对我国先用权制度中存在的问题进行分析论述。本部分主要从我国先用权制度中的技术范围、技术来源、必要准备和原有范围等方面进行分析。通过各学者的观点及司法实践引出我国立法中存在的不足之处,主要包括未清晰地规定是否包含“等同”的技术特征,没有明确技术来源的范围,必要准备的选择性要件不合理和“物质要件”要求过高,原有范围过窄等。同时,针对前述的不足笔者表明了所认为应当改善的方向。第四部分对域外先用权制度进行了对比分析。本部分通过对日本、美国、德国先用权的概念、立法规定、权利范围、成立条件的归纳总结,对比得出域外先用权制度的立法相比我国的合理之处,从而为弥补我国立法不足提供有益参考。第五部分系我国先用权制度立法完善的构想。本部分在前述各部分的基础上,通过对我国先用权立法的问题概述和弊端分析以及国外立法合理性的阐释,得出我国先用权制度的修正目标,并以此为指引提出对现有法律制度的一些修改建议。本文主要借助典型案例对先用权制度中存在的问题进行概括并加以分析、讨论;同时借助文献分析法、比较分析法、实证分析法等,力争透彻地阐明我国先用权制度当中存在的问题,并在此基础上提出合理的意见和建议。
[Abstract]:Under the background that a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution is gestating all over the world, scientific and technological innovation has gradually become the main driving force of national development. As an exclusive right, intellectual property will become a powerful weapon to protect the achievements of scientific and technological innovation. As the core of intellectual property rights legislation, the patent system, because of its stronger monopoly, more prominent innovation and more direct economy, will be the most powerful protection tool of scientific and technological achievements. However, because of the monopoly and commercial nature of patent right, it is easy to cause the right holders to overuse their rights in order to pursue economic benefits, thus limiting the fair market competition of their competitors in the same trade. This is contrary to the original legislative intent of the patent system. Therefore, the first use right system in patent law can resist the overuse of patent rights, protect the legitimate interests of market competitors, and balance the rights of patentee and prior right holder. There are five parts in this paper: the first part is the introduction of the case and the focus of the dispute. Through the description of the true case of patent infringement of Wang Xiaozhong v. Zhonggao Company, this paper introduces the system of preemptive right to be studied in this paper. On the basis of this, this paper explains the problems existing in the system of the preemptive right in our country through the establishment of the "original scope" of the case dispute, how to reasonably define the "original scope" of the preemptive right, and the judgment of the court of first instance and the second instance. The second part is the theoretical overview of the system of first-use right. Based on the concept of prior use right and the legal basis, this part expounds the legislative value of the first use right system, that is, to reasonably balance the rights and interests of the prior right holder and the patentee, and to encourage the scientific and technological innovation and the practical application of the patent technology. At the same time, through the comparative analysis of the independent right theory and the defense right theory about the nature of the preemptive right in the current theoretical circle, the author summarizes the bias and rationality of the two main views. The third part analyzes the problems existing in the system of preemptive right in our country. This part mainly analyzes the technical scope, technical source, necessary preparation and original scope of the system. Through the viewpoints of various scholars and judicial practice, this paper draws the conclusion that there are shortcomings in our country's legislation, including not clearly stipulating whether or not to include "equivalent" technical characteristics, and not clearly defining the scope of technology sources. The optional elements of necessary preparation are unreasonable and the material elements are too high and the original scope is too narrow. At the same time, in view of the above deficiencies, the author shows the direction that should be improved. The fourth part makes a comparative analysis on the system of extraterritorial preemptive right. This part summarizes the concepts, legislative provisions, scope of rights and conditions of establishment of Japan, the United States and Germany, and draws the conclusion that the legislation of extraterritorial first-use right is more reasonable than that of our country. In order to make up for the lack of legislation in China to provide a useful reference. The fifth part is the conception of legislation perfection of the system of first-use right in our country. On the basis of the foregoing parts, this part, through the analysis of the problems and disadvantages of the first use right legislation in our country and the explanation of the rationality of the foreign legislation, obtains the revision target of the first use right system in our country. And as a guide to put forward some amendments to the existing legal system. This paper summarizes and analyzes the problems existing in the system of preemptive right with the help of typical cases. At the same time, with the help of literature analysis, comparative analysis, empirical analysis and so on, the author tries to clarify the existing problems in the system of preemptive right in China, and puts forward some reasonable opinions and suggestions on this basis.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.42

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