显失公平与乘人之危的现实困境与制度重构

发布时间：2019-01-06 08:38

【摘要】：对于一方利用其优势致使给付显著失衡的现象,德国法上的暴利行为与美国法上的显失公平规则所持的主、客观要素综合评价的观点代表了比较法上的发展趋势。我国《民法通则》虽开创了显失公平与乘人之危分立的立法例,但两者各自的适用范围不仅未臻明确,反而出现相互重叠的现象,并未达到立法者预设的目标。乘人之危不足以成为意思表示瑕疵的独立类型,其规范功能可分别被显失公平与胁迫所涵盖。我国未来民法典总则应当废除乘人之危,确立兼有主客观要件的显失公平制度,以凸显该制度保障意思自决原则兼及给付等价原则的目的。
[Abstract]:With regard to the phenomenon that one party makes use of its advantages to cause a significant imbalance in the payment of benefits, the subjective and objective factors of the comprehensive evaluation of objective elements represent the trend of development in comparative law, both in German law and in the rule of explicit inequity in American law. Although the General principles of Civil Law of our country have created a legislative example of the separation of explicit inequity and taking advantage of the danger of others, the scope of their respective application is not clear, on the contrary, they overlap each other and fail to reach the legislator's preset goal. Taking advantage of danger is not enough to be an independent type of expression of intention. Its normative function can be covered by explicit inequity and coercion respectively. The general principles of the future civil code of our country should abolish the taking advantage of others and establish an inequitable system with subjective and objective elements so as to highlight the purpose of this system to guarantee the principle of self-determination of will and the principle of equivalence of supply and payment.
【作者单位】：华中科技大学法学院;
【基金】：华中科技大学人文社科基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费资助)的研究成果之一 2015年国家社会科学重大项目“中国民法重述;民法典编纂与社会主义市场经济法律制度的完善研究”的阶段性成果之一
【分类号】：D923

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