侵权损害赔偿之社会救济机制研究
发布时间：2019-01-07 14:44
【摘要】：科学进步推动了工业社会的发展,提高了人们的物质生活水平,但与此同时,也导致各种社会风险不断滋生。因此,人类在取得自身发展,经济腾飞的同时,更需要对社会成员的基本生产生活提供充分的保障。面对日新月异的社会发展,在侵权损害赔偿领域,只依靠侵权法予以救济还远远不够,此时,社会救济的兴起,使侵权损害赔偿看到了新的希望。社会救济机制不断在侵权损害赔偿领域渗透,保障受害人得到及时充分的救济,通过分担社会风险来实现公平正义,从而达到维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐发展的目的。 本文旨在对社会救济机制在侵权损害赔偿领域的现状和不足予以分析,提出完善我国社会救济机制的建议,充分发挥社会救济机制在损害赔偿方面的及时性和优越性,以期我国能够建立一个完善的侵权损害赔偿体系。全文主要包括五个部分： 第一部分主要是侵权损害赔偿救济机制的概述。侵权损害赔偿救济机制是通过多种法定救济方式的有序运行,对受害人的损失予以赔偿和弥补的机制。传统单一的侵权损害赔偿救济经过漫长的发展历程,逐渐形成了由侵权法救济、责任保险救济、社会保险救济和社会救助基金救济组成的多元化的救济机制。按照是否依照私法规定进行损害救济,可以将侵权损害赔偿救济分为私法救济和社会救济。 第二部分介绍了社会救济机制与侵权法之间的关联。现代社会救济机制包括社会保险、社会救助、社会福利、社会优抚等,具有保障公民权利,维护社会公平和稳定的作用。社会救济机制可以适用于高风险领域的损害救济,通过损失社会化对风险进行分担,对侵权法救济起到补充作用。 第三部分介绍了国内外社会救济机制在侵权损害赔偿领域的规定和运用,主要包括工伤保险和社会救助基金两个方面。资本主义发达国家对社会救济的规定较为丰富和全面,覆盖面较广；我国主要运用工伤保险和交通事故社会救助基金对侵权损害进行社会救济,其救济范围有限。 第四部分提出了在侵权损害赔偿领域,我国社会救济机制所存在的问题。因为社会救济机制尚未普遍适用,导致了某些侵权损害赔偿效率低下,无过错责任难以对各类侵权损害进行全面救济,且因为缺乏法律的规制,使得现有的救助基金难以运行。我国现行的社会救济机制范围较为狭窄,对受害人的救济不够全面。 第五部分介绍了笔者对我国侵权损害赔偿社会救济机制的构想。建议在社会高风险领域设立社会救助基金,并对基金的设立运行进行统一的法律规制和系统化地管理监督,同时也对现有社会救济基金的适用范围进一步扩展。最后,提出了社会救济机制与其他侵权损害救济机制加以联动的建议,建立起私法救济和社会救济并行的侵权损害赔偿救济机制。
[Abstract]:Scientific progress promotes the development of industrial society and improves people's material living standard, but at the same time, it also leads to various social risks. Therefore, human beings need to provide sufficient guarantee for the basic production and life of the members of the society while they are developing themselves and taking off the economy. Faced with the rapid development of society, it is far from enough to rely on tort law to provide relief in the field of tort compensation. At this time, the rise of social relief makes tort damage compensation see new hope. Social relief mechanism has been infiltrated in the field of tort compensation to ensure the victims to get timely and adequate relief and to achieve fairness and justice through sharing social risks so as to maintain social stability and promote the harmonious development of society. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the present situation and shortcomings of social relief mechanism in the field of tort compensation, to put forward some suggestions to perfect social relief mechanism in China, and to give full play to the timeliness and superiority of social relief mechanism in the field of compensation for damages. Hope our country can establish a perfect tort damage compensation system. This paper mainly includes five parts: the first part is an overview of tort compensation relief mechanism. The remedy mechanism of tort damages is a mechanism of compensation and compensation for the victims' losses through the orderly operation of various legal remedies. After a long process of development, the traditional single remedy for tort damages has gradually formed a diversified relief mechanism composed of tort law relief, liability insurance relief, social insurance relief and social relief fund relief. According to whether to carry on the damage relief according to the private law, can divide the tort damage compensation relief into the private law relief and the social relief. The second part introduces the relationship between social relief mechanism and tort law. The modern social relief mechanism includes social insurance, social assistance, social welfare, social benefits, and so on, which has the function of protecting the rights of citizens and maintaining social fairness and stability. The social relief mechanism can be applied to the damage relief in the high risk field. It can share the risk through the socialization of the loss and play a supplementary role to the remedy of the tort law. The third part introduces the regulation and application of social relief mechanism in the field of tort compensation, including industrial injury insurance and social assistance fund. The provisions of social relief in capitalist developed countries are rich and comprehensive, and the coverage of social relief is relatively wide. In our country, industrial injury insurance and social assistance fund for traffic accidents are mainly used to provide social relief to tort damage, the scope of which is limited. The fourth part puts forward the problems of social relief mechanism in the field of tort compensation. Because the social relief mechanism has not been universally applied, some tort damage compensation efficiency is low, no fault liability is difficult to remedy all kinds of tort damage, and because of the lack of legal regulation, the existing rescue fund is difficult to operate. The current social relief mechanism in China is relatively narrow, and the relief to the victims is not comprehensive enough. The fifth part introduces the author's conception of social relief mechanism of tort compensation in China. It is suggested that the social relief fund should be set up in the field of high risk of society, and the establishment and operation of the fund should be regulated by law and supervised systemically. At the same time, the scope of application of the existing social relief fund should be further expanded. Finally, the author puts forward the suggestion that the social relief mechanism should be linked with the other tort damage relief mechanisms, and establish the remedy mechanism of tort damage compensation in the parallel of private law relief and social relief.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
本文编号：2403783
[Abstract]:Scientific progress promotes the development of industrial society and improves people's material living standard, but at the same time, it also leads to various social risks. Therefore, human beings need to provide sufficient guarantee for the basic production and life of the members of the society while they are developing themselves and taking off the economy. Faced with the rapid development of society, it is far from enough to rely on tort law to provide relief in the field of tort compensation. At this time, the rise of social relief makes tort damage compensation see new hope. Social relief mechanism has been infiltrated in the field of tort compensation to ensure the victims to get timely and adequate relief and to achieve fairness and justice through sharing social risks so as to maintain social stability and promote the harmonious development of society. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the present situation and shortcomings of social relief mechanism in the field of tort compensation, to put forward some suggestions to perfect social relief mechanism in China, and to give full play to the timeliness and superiority of social relief mechanism in the field of compensation for damages. Hope our country can establish a perfect tort damage compensation system. This paper mainly includes five parts: the first part is an overview of tort compensation relief mechanism. The remedy mechanism of tort damages is a mechanism of compensation and compensation for the victims' losses through the orderly operation of various legal remedies. After a long process of development, the traditional single remedy for tort damages has gradually formed a diversified relief mechanism composed of tort law relief, liability insurance relief, social insurance relief and social relief fund relief. According to whether to carry on the damage relief according to the private law, can divide the tort damage compensation relief into the private law relief and the social relief. The second part introduces the relationship between social relief mechanism and tort law. The modern social relief mechanism includes social insurance, social assistance, social welfare, social benefits, and so on, which has the function of protecting the rights of citizens and maintaining social fairness and stability. The social relief mechanism can be applied to the damage relief in the high risk field. It can share the risk through the socialization of the loss and play a supplementary role to the remedy of the tort law. The third part introduces the regulation and application of social relief mechanism in the field of tort compensation, including industrial injury insurance and social assistance fund. The provisions of social relief in capitalist developed countries are rich and comprehensive, and the coverage of social relief is relatively wide. In our country, industrial injury insurance and social assistance fund for traffic accidents are mainly used to provide social relief to tort damage, the scope of which is limited. The fourth part puts forward the problems of social relief mechanism in the field of tort compensation. Because the social relief mechanism has not been universally applied, some tort damage compensation efficiency is low, no fault liability is difficult to remedy all kinds of tort damage, and because of the lack of legal regulation, the existing rescue fund is difficult to operate. The current social relief mechanism in China is relatively narrow, and the relief to the victims is not comprehensive enough. The fifth part introduces the author's conception of social relief mechanism of tort compensation in China. It is suggested that the social relief fund should be set up in the field of high risk of society, and the establishment and operation of the fund should be regulated by law and supervised systemically. At the same time, the scope of application of the existing social relief fund should be further expanded. Finally, the author puts forward the suggestion that the social relief mechanism should be linked with the other tort damage relief mechanisms, and establish the remedy mechanism of tort damage compensation in the parallel of private law relief and social relief.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923
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