数字化背景下公共借阅权的制度设计

发布时间：2019-02-20 08:37

【摘要】：早在19世纪,公共图书馆伴随欧洲各国经济和科技的迅猛发展而日渐完备;同时由于人们法律意识的不断增强,公共图书馆的公共借阅行为与著作权人之间产生了利益冲突。随着矛盾的不断激化与社会文明的进步,20世纪初有学者提出了“公共图书馆外借图书应向作者支付报酬”的建议。后来丹麦率先实行了公共借阅补偿金制度,迄今为止,全球至少有50个国家在其法律体系中承认公共借阅权制度。由于地域和国情差异,我国至今尚未在立法层面对公共借阅权制度进行规定,但早在80年代初就有学者对此进行过探讨。后来随着我国加入世界贸易组织,签署《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》,颁布和实施《信息网络传播权保护条例》,我国进入了公共借阅权制度研究的新时期。当代中国经济和高新技术发展位于全球前列,数字图书馆应运而生,并且得到快速的普及。作为高新信息技术的产物,数字图书馆不同于传统的普通公共图书馆,其信息载体形式多样化,公众借阅方式网络化,这就很容易侵害著作权人的信息网络传播权及其他著作财产权,给著作权人造成极大的经济利益损害,从而使我国急需一个合理的制度来保护著作权人的利益。无论图书馆界、出版界还是法律界都在寻找一个双赢的机制,在维持数字图书馆作为公共图书馆的公益性的同时,合理补偿著作权人的利益损失。数字图书馆界和著作权人在电子数字资源借阅问题上争议的核心是如何建立一个合理的数字图书馆借阅制度,以适应科技发展所带来的变化。这个新制度的核心首先是确保社会公众具有阅读的平等机会,同时也应确保电子资源市场的可持续发展。因此,以我国著作权制度的现有状况为基础,施行公共借阅权制度来解决数字图书馆发展过程中愈演愈烈的著作权层面的纠纷,是一个非常值得研究的问题。全文共分四大部分:第一部分,公共借阅权制度的发展和国内外研究现状。主要论述公共借阅权制度在欧洲的产生历程及在国内外的发展情况,阐述了国外对公共借阅权制度的立法类型和研究特点以及在国内对该制度所持的不同观点和研究成果。第二部分,在我国难以建立公共借阅权制度的原因。从著作权人、公共图书馆、版权管理机构、法律构建和支持资金等方面对我国难以建立公共借阅权制度的原因进行分析。第三部分,数字图书馆及数字化背景下建立公共借阅权制度的意义。这一部分首先论述了数字图书馆的特点、设立的意义以及公共借阅行为与著作权人之间的利益冲突,然后论述在数字化背景下建立的意义。第四部分,数字化背景下在我国实施公共借阅权制度的可行性分析及制度设计。分别从技术、经济、法律等方面对在我国实行公共借阅权制度的可行性进行了分析,最后提出了在我国建立公共借阅权制度的建议。
[Abstract]:As early as the 19th century, with the rapid development of economy and science and technology in European countries, public libraries became more and more complete. At the same time, the public borrowing behavior of public libraries and copyright owners had a conflict of interest due to the increasing legal consciousness of people. With the incessant intensification of contradictions and the progress of social civilization, at the beginning of the 20th century, some scholars put forward the suggestion that "the author should be paid for the books borrowed from the public library". Denmark later took the lead in implementing the public loan compensation system. So far, at least 50 countries in the world have recognized the public borrowing right system in their legal systems. Because of the difference between regions and national conditions, our country has not yet regulated the system of public borrowing right at the legislative level, but as early as the early 1980s, some scholars have discussed it. Later, with China's accession to the World Trade Organization, the signing of the Agreement on Trade-Related aspects of intellectual property Rights and the promulgation and implementation of the regulations on the Protection of Information Network Communication Rights, China entered a new period of research on the system of public borrowing rights. The development of modern Chinese economy and high-tech is in the forefront of the world, digital library arises at the historic moment, and has been popularized rapidly. As the product of high and new information technology, digital library is different from the traditional public library. Its information carrier forms are diversified, and the public borrowing mode is networked. It is easy to infringe upon the copyright owner's right to disseminate information on the network and other property rights of works, thus causing great damage to the economic interests of the copyright owner, thus making our country in urgent need of a reasonable system to protect the interests of the copyright owner. No matter the library, the publishing or the law are looking for a win-win mechanism, while maintaining the public welfare of the digital library as a public library, the interests of the copyright owners can be reasonably compensated. The core of the controversy between the digital library and copyright owners in the issue of electronic digital resources borrowing is how to establish a reasonable digital library borrowing system to adapt to the changes brought about by the development of science and technology. The core of the new system is to ensure that the public have equal opportunities to read, and to ensure the sustainable development of the electronic resource market. Therefore, based on the present situation of the copyright system in China, it is worth studying to implement the public borrowing right system to solve the disputes on the copyright level in the development of digital library. The paper is divided into four parts: the first part, the development of public borrowing right system and domestic and foreign research status. This paper mainly discusses the emergence of the public borrowing right system in Europe and its development at home and abroad, and expounds the legislative types and research characteristics of the public borrowing right system abroad, as well as the different viewpoints and research results of the public borrowing right system in China. The second part, the reason why it is difficult to establish the public borrowing right system in our country. From the aspects of copyright owners, public libraries, copyright management agencies, legal construction and supporting funds, this paper analyzes the reasons why it is difficult to establish the system of public borrowing right in China. The third part, the significance of establishing public borrowing right system under the background of digital library and digitization. This part first discusses the characteristics of the digital library, the significance of its establishment and the conflict of interest between the public borrowing behavior and the copyright owner, and then discusses the significance of the establishment under the digital background. The fourth part, the feasibility analysis and system design of implementing the public borrowing right system in our country under the digital background. This paper analyzes the feasibility of implementing the public borrowing right system in China from the aspects of technology, economy and law, and finally puts forward some suggestions for establishing the public borrowing right system in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923.4;D997

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