转基因作物基因污染受害者的请求权

发布时间：2019-03-01 20:48

【摘要】：转基因作物对其他作物造成的基因污染,分为处于实验阶段的转基因作物造成的基因污染和已经许可上市的转基因作物造成的基因污染。实验阶段,转基因作物尚处于风险交流和风险评估阶段,具有高度危险性;已经许可上市的转基因作物虽不排除风险,但危险性较低。于实验阶段发生的基因污染,应适用侵权责任法中的高度危险责任。基因污染一般发生于相邻土地间,侵害了相邻不动产权利人的财产权,已经许可上市的转基因作物造成的基因污染应适用物权法第90条之不可量物侵害。基因污染对土地、作物造成有形损害后发生的损失,不属于纯粹经济损失。基因污染导致非转基因作物无法以非转基因产品标识投入市场或者只能以转基因产品标识投入市场,且并非当地惯行做法和不可防范时,受害者没有容忍义务,可以行使妨害防止请求权和损害赔偿请求权。
[Abstract]:The genetic pollution caused by genetically modified crops to other crops is divided into the gene pollution caused by transgenic crops in the experimental stage and the gene pollution caused by genetically modified crops which have been licensed to market. In the experimental stage, GM crops are still in the risk exchange and risk assessment stage, which is highly dangerous, and the GM crops that have been licensed to market do not exclude the risk, but the risk is low. The high-risk liability in tort liability law should be applied to the genetic pollution occurring in the experimental stage. Gene pollution usually occurs between adjacent lands and infringes on the property rights of neighboring real estate holders. The gene pollution caused by genetically modified crops that have been licensed to market should be subject to the immeasurable property infringement of Article 90 of the property Law. The damage caused by genetic pollution to land and crops does not belong to pure economic loss. Where genetic contamination prevents non-GM crops from being marketed as non-GM products or can only be marked by GM products, and where they are not local practices and are not preventable, victims have no obligation to tolerate, You may exercise the right to claim for the prevention of obstruction and the right to claim compensation for damage.
【作者单位】：江西财经大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“转基因生物跨界侵权损害赔偿研究”(11CFX072)的成果
【分类号】：D913

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