无过错输血感染法律问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-03 10:19

【摘要】：近年来输血导致感染乙肝、艾滋病等传染病的情形不断增多,由此所导致的诉讼案件也不断增加。由于我国法律对血液这种特殊物质的法律性质没有明确规定,对于输血感染疾病导致患者损害,尤其是由于“窗口期”及“漏检率”的存在,医疗机构及血站在无过错的情况下,导致的输血感染案件的法律性质,归责原则以及如何处理等法律没有明确规定。由此造成在实践当中,因输血受感染的患者将医疗机构及血站告到法院。在此类案件中,由于医疗机构及血站均没有过错,但患者又确实由于输血而感染了疾病,如乙肝、艾滋病等疾病。当前,各地法院大多采用公平责任原则,判决医疗机构或血站对患者给予适当赔偿或补偿。但由于缺乏一定参照标准,各地补偿标准不一,使得一部分患者因输血感染的疾病不能得到有效救治。同时,在此类案件中医疗机构及血站互相推诿,都认为自己没有责任,使得此类案件处理更加困难。医疗机构在临床输血当中同样承担着巨额赔偿风险,医患双方均承受着巨大风险,因此不利于患者利益的维护,也不利于医疗卫生事业的发展。本文通过对刘健输血感染乙肝案件的分析,明确了血液的法律性质,输血感染导致患者损害的医疗侵权案件的归责原则,构成要件。分析了当前各地法院对输血感染导致患者损害案件处理结果的各不相同的深层次原因。明确了对于无过错输血的认定,无过错输血的法律性质分析,医疗机构及血站在无过错输血法律关系当中的责任状态,以及国外对于此类事件的处理方式。分析了当前我国对于无过错输血案件处理过程中所存在的问题。在此基础上,提出了对于无过错输血案件法律制度的完善及无过错输血案件的非诉讼解决机制的建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, blood transfusion leads to an increasing number of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, AIDS and so on. Because the law of our country does not clearly stipulate the legal nature of this special substance, and the damage to patients caused by blood transfusion infection, especially due to the existence of "window period" and "missed detection rate", The legal nature, the principle of imputation and how to deal with the cases of blood transfusion infection caused by medical institutions and blood stations are not clearly defined under the condition of no fault. As a result, in practice, patients infected by blood transfusions bring medical institutions and blood stations to court. In such cases, there is no fault in medical institutions and blood stations, but patients are infected by blood transfusions, such as hepatitis B, AIDS and other diseases. At present, most of the courts around the world have adopted the principle of fair liability, adjudicating appropriate compensation or compensation to patients by medical institutions or blood centers. However, due to the lack of certain reference standards and different compensation standards, some patients can not be effectively treated because of blood transfusion infection. At the same time, in such cases, medical institutions and blood centers evade each other and feel that they have no responsibility, making it more difficult to handle such cases. Medical institutions also bear huge compensation risk in clinical transfusion, both doctors and patients bear huge risks, so it is not conducive to the maintenance of the interests of patients, but also to the development of medical and health undertakings. Based on the analysis of Liu Jian's case of blood transfusion infection with hepatitis B, this paper clarifies the legal nature of blood, the principle of imputation of medical tort cases caused by blood transfusion infection, and the constituent elements of medical tort cases caused by blood transfusion infection. This paper analyzes the different deep-seated causes of the patients' injury cases treated by transfusion infection in the courts around the world. The identification of no-fault blood transfusion, the analysis of the legal nature of no-fault blood transfusion, the liability status of medical institutions and blood stations in the legal relationship of no-fault blood transfusion, and the way of dealing with this kind of events abroad are made clear. The problems existing in the processing of no-fault transfusion cases in our country are analyzed. On this basis, the author puts forward some suggestions on the perfection of the legal system of no-fault transfusion cases and the non-litigation settlement mechanism of no-fault blood transfusion cases.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D923;D923.6

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