论我国民法典的立法路径选择

发布时间：2019-03-10 19:41

【摘要】：历史上关于制定民法典存在三次大的争论,这些争论给后世民法典的制定以有益的启示。我国关于民法典的制定也经历了一个较为复杂的过程。党的十八届四中全会提出"制定民法典",明确我国制定民法典的目标,但在民法典的体例结构、立法模式等方面仍然存在一定的争议。尽管制定目标明确,还需要考察我国现行民法典的制定时机是否成熟、立法条件是否具备。根据我国现行民事立法的经验以及民法学理论的准备状况,我国现行民法典应采用渐进式的立法路径,第一步是先出台民法总则,~①该项工作已在做,《民法总则(草案)》已广泛征求社会意见;第二步是编纂民法典各分编,当然这有赖于对民法典分编结构共识的达成,否则这个工作的进度会很慢;第三步是编纂民法典,这是在民法各分编的基础上开展的系统编纂与整理工作,工作难度倒不是很大,关键是第二步的工作。调整对象的复杂性、学术理论准备的不足、立法任务的艰巨性、立法技术的复杂性决定了其出台也是较为曲折的过程,当前需要在以下方面如学者共识的达成、民法典分编的编纂工作的启动、理论知识的储备以及社会公众基本法律素养的养成等做一些必要的准备工作,从而为我国民法典的顺利出台创造更为有利的时机。
[Abstract]:There are three great debates about the formulation of civil code in history, which give beneficial enlightenment to the formulation of civil code in later generations. The formulation of civil code in our country has also experienced a relatively complex process. The fourth Plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward the formulation of the Civil Code, which made clear the goal of formulating the Civil Code in our country. However, there are still some controversies in the system structure and legislative model of the Civil Code. Although the goal is clear, it is necessary to examine whether the current civil code of our country is ripe or not and whether the legislative conditions are available. According to the experience of our country's current civil legislation and the preparation of the theory of civil law, the current civil code of our country should adopt the gradual legislative path. The first step is to introduce the general principles of the civil law first, and this work is already being done. The General provisions of the Civil Code (draft) have been widely consulted; The second step is to compile the civil code, which, of course, depends on reaching a consensus on the structure of the civil code, otherwise the progress of this work will be very slow; The third step is to codify the civil code, which is a systematic compilation and arrangement work on the basis of the various parts of the civil law, but the work is not very difficult, and the key is the work of the second step. The complexity of the adjustment object, the lack of preparation for academic theory, the arduous nature of legislative tasks, and the complexity of legislative technology determine that it is also a more tortuous process for its introduction. At present, it needs to be reached in the following areas, such as the consensus of scholars. The starting of the compilation of the civil code, the reserve of the theoretical knowledge and the formation of the basic legal literacy of the public do some necessary preparatory work, so as to create a more favorable opportunity for the smooth introduction of the civil code of our country.
【作者单位】：山东大学威海分校;
【分类号】：D923

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