侵权案件中原因力理论适用的探究
发布时间：2019-04-27 22:14
【摘要】：随着我国法治进程的不断推进,越来越多的侵权纠纷以诉讼的形式进入公众视野,侵权事实以更加复杂的形态呈现,为司法实践带来诸多困扰。2001年、2003年最高人民法院相继出台的触电人身损害赔偿案件司法解释、人身损害赔偿案件司法解释中均使用了原因力的概念,在此之前理论界也早已广泛接受原因力一词。原因力起源于因果关系理论,对于损害赔偿范围的确定和分担损害具有重要价值,但不论是理论界、实务界抑或立法上,均未有对原因力概念的完整释义,针对原因力的许多概念需要澄清,许多问题亟待讨论,原因力理论如何发生发展?具体内涵是什么?主、客观性质如何?如何把握原因力的具体判断标准?有无大小或程度差异?在我国侵权法上适用的可行性和实践路径如何?这些问题既关系原因力本身的理论构建,也关系到能否改变司法实践中具体操作规则不足、归责困难的现状。笔者拟在上述问题的基础上,尝试搭建原因力的初步理论框架,以期为司法实践中侵权纠纷的公正处理提供些许参考。本文建立在实践困惑的基础上,探索原因力概念的理论渊源,以原因力概念的内涵、性质及判断标准的初步框架性思考为切入点,分析原因力理论引入侵权法的可行性路径。基于以上思路,本文共分为五个部分。第一部分结合所在地区法院近年来受理侵权类纠纷的情况及具体案例,总结实践中处理该类纠纷现状及遇到的一些问题,提出困惑及可能的解决方法,引出原因力。第二部分探讨原因力的理论渊源,列举原因力的发生发展过程,纵向分析哲学因果关系、法学因果关系的理论及其影响,横向对比大陆法系、英美法系的不同因果关系学说,为原因力理论框架的初步搭建提供理论基础和实用借鉴。第三部分初步搭建原因力的基本理论框架,从本质和学说的角度分析原因力的基本内涵,定义原因力。从服务司法实践的思路出发探讨原因力的主、客观属性,提出可行性方案。分析原因力有无及大小的判断方法,为原因力的具体应用提供路径。第四部分分析原因力在因果关系认定阶段和损害赔偿阶段的作用,通过对传统学说的局限性和原因力理论合理性的对比研析,探讨引入原因力理论的可行性及客观需要。第五部分具体分析原因力理论在重、难点侵权案件中的应用,分别列举了数人侵权、与有过失、不可抗力、受害人特殊体质四种类型的侵权案件,介绍了原因力在各类案件中的适用方法。
[Abstract]:With the progress of the rule of law in our country, more and more tort disputes come into the public view in the form of litigation, and the fact of infringement is presented in a more complex form, which brings many troubles to judicial practice. In 2003, the Supreme people's Court successively issued the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury caused by electric shock. The concept of force of cause has been used in the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury. Before this, the term "force of cause" has been widely accepted in the theoretical circle. The force of cause originates from the theory of causation, which is of great value to the determination of the scope of compensation for damage and the sharing of damage. However, there is no complete explanation of the concept of force of cause in theory, practice or legislation. Many concepts of causative force need to be clarified and many problems need to be discussed. How does the theory of causative force develop? What is the specific connotation? What is the objective nature of the subject? How to grasp the specific judgment standard of cause force? Is there a difference in size or degree? What is the feasibility and practical path of the application of tort law in our country? These problems are not only related to the theoretical construction of the force of cause itself, but also related to whether or not to change the current situation of insufficient operation rules and difficult imputation of liability in judicial practice. On the basis of the above-mentioned problems, the author tries to set up a preliminary theoretical framework of the cause force in order to provide some references for the fair handling of tort disputes in judicial practice. Based on the perplexity of practice, this paper explores the theoretical origin of the concept of causative force, and analyzes the feasibility of introducing the theory of causative force into tort law by taking the connotation, nature and preliminary frame of judgment criteria as the starting point. Based on the above ideas, this paper is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author summarizes the present situation and some problems of dealing with the tort disputes in practice, and puts forward some perplexity and possible solutions, which leads to the power of the reasons, combined with the situation and specific cases of accepting the tort disputes in the district courts in recent years. The second part discusses the theoretical origin of causative force, enumerates the occurrence and development process of causal force, longitudinal analysis of philosophical causal relationship, legal causal relationship theory and its impact, horizontal comparison of the continental law system, Anglo-American law system of different causal theory, It provides the theoretical basis and practical reference for the preliminary construction of the theoretical framework of causative force. The third part sets up the basic theoretical frame of causative force, analyzes the basic connotation of causative force from the angle of essence and theory, and defines the causative force. Based on the thought of serving judicial practice, this paper discusses the subjective and objective attributes of the force of cause, and puts forward a feasible scheme. The method of judging whether or not cause force exists or not provides a path for the specific application of cause force. The fourth part analyzes the role of causative force in the stage of causation and compensation for damage. By comparing the limitation of traditional theory and the rationality of theory of causative force, the feasibility and objective need of introducing the theory of causative force are discussed. The fifth part analyzes the application of the theory of force of reason in the serious and difficult tort cases, enumerates four types of infringement cases of several people, including negligence, force majeure and special constitution of the victim, respectively. This paper introduces the applicable method of causative force in all kinds of cases.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923
本文编号：2467351
[Abstract]:With the progress of the rule of law in our country, more and more tort disputes come into the public view in the form of litigation, and the fact of infringement is presented in a more complex form, which brings many troubles to judicial practice. In 2003, the Supreme people's Court successively issued the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury caused by electric shock. The concept of force of cause has been used in the judicial interpretation of the case of compensation for personal injury. Before this, the term "force of cause" has been widely accepted in the theoretical circle. The force of cause originates from the theory of causation, which is of great value to the determination of the scope of compensation for damage and the sharing of damage. However, there is no complete explanation of the concept of force of cause in theory, practice or legislation. Many concepts of causative force need to be clarified and many problems need to be discussed. How does the theory of causative force develop? What is the specific connotation? What is the objective nature of the subject? How to grasp the specific judgment standard of cause force? Is there a difference in size or degree? What is the feasibility and practical path of the application of tort law in our country? These problems are not only related to the theoretical construction of the force of cause itself, but also related to whether or not to change the current situation of insufficient operation rules and difficult imputation of liability in judicial practice. On the basis of the above-mentioned problems, the author tries to set up a preliminary theoretical framework of the cause force in order to provide some references for the fair handling of tort disputes in judicial practice. Based on the perplexity of practice, this paper explores the theoretical origin of the concept of causative force, and analyzes the feasibility of introducing the theory of causative force into tort law by taking the connotation, nature and preliminary frame of judgment criteria as the starting point. Based on the above ideas, this paper is divided into five parts. In the first part, the author summarizes the present situation and some problems of dealing with the tort disputes in practice, and puts forward some perplexity and possible solutions, which leads to the power of the reasons, combined with the situation and specific cases of accepting the tort disputes in the district courts in recent years. The second part discusses the theoretical origin of causative force, enumerates the occurrence and development process of causal force, longitudinal analysis of philosophical causal relationship, legal causal relationship theory and its impact, horizontal comparison of the continental law system, Anglo-American law system of different causal theory, It provides the theoretical basis and practical reference for the preliminary construction of the theoretical framework of causative force. The third part sets up the basic theoretical frame of causative force, analyzes the basic connotation of causative force from the angle of essence and theory, and defines the causative force. Based on the thought of serving judicial practice, this paper discusses the subjective and objective attributes of the force of cause, and puts forward a feasible scheme. The method of judging whether or not cause force exists or not provides a path for the specific application of cause force. The fourth part analyzes the role of causative force in the stage of causation and compensation for damage. By comparing the limitation of traditional theory and the rationality of theory of causative force, the feasibility and objective need of introducing the theory of causative force are discussed. The fifth part analyzes the application of the theory of force of reason in the serious and difficult tort cases, enumerates four types of infringement cases of several people, including negligence, force majeure and special constitution of the victim, respectively. This paper introduces the applicable method of causative force in all kinds of cases.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923
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