公序良俗规制“第三姓”之检讨

发布时间：2019-05-08 06:05

【摘要】：实务中出现公民选择“第三姓”的现实需求,而既有立法在应对这一问题时存有立法漏洞,遂最高立法机关作出立法解释加以法律漏洞填补以回应社会重大关切,但该立法中的一项规定仍存有不明确之处,即其中以公序良俗来规制“第三姓”的立法举措就存有问题。那么,究竟公民提出何种理由才是符合公序良俗的便成了问题的焦点。公序良俗原本是作为民法的一项基本原则的,该原则的具体法律适用程序是在穷尽具体法律规制的前提下方才成为裁判依据的,如此,既然立法机关将其纳入立法视域用来规制“第三姓”,就有必要就公序良俗在具体法律适用时所存在的问题和解决之策加以思考。公序良俗具有一切法律原则的共性,这种共性在具体适用于“第三姓”时体现为其高度宏观性、恣意性、道德性,详言之,首先,公序良俗的高度宏观性根本无法与“第三姓”这种具体的个案情况无法实现很好的衔接;其次,公序良俗的恣意性留给法官的自由裁量权可能会出现同案不同判的结果出现;最后,公序良俗自身不仅是法律原则也兼具道德原则,道德的具体标准又并非很明确,这也使得公序良俗无法很好地评价“第三姓”个案的是非对错。鉴于公序良俗在规制“第三姓”时所表现出的这些不足,为追求“第三姓”具体情况得以合理解决,在维护和遵循公序良俗在既有立法所存在的立法价值和精神的前提下,只有将公序良俗加以微观化处理,即以更为具体明确的条件来逐一检视公民为选择“第三姓”的理由,也只有将公序良俗细化为具体符合实际的标准并在立法中加以确立,方能为公民和实务部门提供判断上的便利。因此,对公序良俗加以具体化立法举措才是“第三姓”得以走向公平正义的明确路径。
[Abstract]:In practice, there is a realistic need for citizens to choose a "third surname", and there is a legislative loophole in the existing legislation to address this issue, so that the highest legislature makes a legislative interpretation and fills the legal loophole in response to major social concerns, However, one of the provisions of the legislation is still unclear, that is, the legislative measures to regulate the "third surname" with good public order and custom have problems. Then, what kind of reasons citizens put forward is in line with the public order and good customs will become the focus of the problem. Public order and good customs were originally regarded as a basic principle of civil law, and the specific legal application procedure of this principle became the basis of adjudication only under the premise of exhaustive specific legal regulations. Since the legislature uses it to regulate the "third surname" from the perspective of legislation, it is necessary to think about the problems existing in the application of specific laws and the solutions to the problems existing in the application of public order and good customs. Public order and good customs have the commonality of all legal principles, which is embodied in its high degree of macroscopicity, arbitrariness, morality and detail when it is applied to "the third surname". First of all, The high macrocosm of public order and custom can not connect well with the concrete case of "the third surname". Secondly, the arbitrariness of public order and good custom leave the judge's discretion to appear the result of different judgment in the same case. Finally, the public order and good custom are not only legal principles but also moral principles, and the specific standards of morality are not very clear, which also makes it impossible to evaluate the right or wrong of the "third surname" case. In view of these deficiencies in the regulation of the "third surname", in order to seek a reasonable solution to the specific situation of the "third surname", under the premise of maintaining and following the legislative value and spirit of the existing legislation, Only a microcosm of public order and good customs, that is, to examine citizens one by one with more specific and clear conditions for the reason of choosing the "third surname", but also only to refine the public order and good customs into concrete and practical standards and to establish them in the legislation, In order to provide citizens and practical departments with the convenience of judgment. Therefore, it is a clear path for the "third surname" to go to fairness and justice by concretizing the public order and good customs.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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