船舶适航性的法律问题

发布时间：2018-02-19 21:39

本文关键词： 适航谨慎处理 ISM规则海上保险　出处：《上海海事大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本论文以船舶的适航性为研究对象，首先从航运历史发展的角度上分析了船舶适航的内容，在航海技术规范的层面上概括了国内外司法实践中适航内容的要素及存在的差异。然后，分别在海上货运、海上保险、ISM规则等方面分析了有关船舶适航性的热点问题，每一节都留有笔者用于平衡各方利益的观点。最后，针对前述领域中存在的各种问题，分别在海事司法实践和海事立法的角度上，提出了大量的有利于当前阶段合理分摊海上风险的适航观点和建议。全文共分为三大部分。第一章为船舶适航内容分析，从航运界和学术界对船舶适航性的理解入手，简要介绍了船舶适航性的发展历史，大胆预测当前正处于“趋向于绝对适航阶段”，然后重点在船体适航、船员适航、载货处所适航这三个方面，结合1974 SOLAS、STCW 78／95、ISM规则等国际公约及大量海事海商案例，分析了国际和国内在适航内容方面的主要差异，归纳出能够代表当前适航阶段的适航要素，为下文分析适航责任打好了技术性基础。第二章为船舶适航责任分析，本章以船舶适航责任为主线，以第一章的技术性资料为依据，重点分析了涵盖海上货运、海上保险、ISM规则等方面有关船舶适航性的热点问题：“开航前”与“开航当时”的界定、“谨慎处理”的把握、保证船舶适航等，这些看似陈旧的话题，在《汉堡规则》、ISM规则、ISPS规则所引领的新的绝对适航阶段，其内容都要产生实质性的变化。笔者对每个热点问题都阐述了能平衡各方利益、具有实践操作性的观点，为指导下文的司法实践埋下了伏笔。第三章为有关船舶适航性的司法实践，继第二章中的热点问题，本章不仅在实体法的合理适用，而且在诉讼程序上较为深刻地提出了大量的有利于当前阶段恰当分摊海上适航风险的建议。其中，在海事诉讼方面，要引入特殊的举证程序；在判定承运人／被保险人的适航责任上，要采取谨慎的态度；在海商法的修改方面，要加入许多有关适航性的规定。实际上，这些观点和建议，，可以全部作为海商实体法和程序法方面的立法建议。当然了，船舶的适航性是一个发展的概念，需联系航海和航运实务知识，用发展的观点来分析其内涵。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the seaworthiness of ships as the research object. Firstly, the contents of ship seaworthiness are analyzed from the point of view of the historical development of shipping. This paper summarizes the elements and differences of seaworthiness in the judicial practice at home and abroad on the level of maritime technical specification. Then, it analyzes the hot issues related to ship seaworthiness in the aspects of marine freight, marine insurance and ISM code, respectively. Each section contains the author's point of view for balancing the interests of all parties. Finally, in view of the various problems in the above-mentioned fields, they are respectively from the point of view of maritime judicial practice and maritime legislation. A large number of seaworthy views and suggestions are put forward which are conducive to the reasonable allocation of marine risks at present stage. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first chapter analyzes the content of ship seaworthiness, starting with the understanding of ship seaworthiness in shipping and academic circles, and briefly introduces the history of ship seaworthiness. Boldly predict that the current situation is "towards the stage of absolute seaworthiness," and then focus on the three aspects of hull airworthiness, crew airworthiness, and airworthiness at cargo carriers, combined with international conventions such as the 1974 SOLASN STCW 78 / 95 ISM Code and a large number of maritime cases. This paper analyzes the main differences in the content of airworthiness between the international and domestic countries, sums up the airworthiness elements which can represent the current airworthiness stage, and lays a good technical foundation for the following analysis of seaworthiness responsibility. The second chapter is the ship seaworthiness responsibility analysis, this chapter takes the ship seaworthiness responsibility as the main line, takes the first chapter technical data as the basis, has emphatically analyzed covers the sea freight, The hot issues concerning the seaworthiness of ships in marine insurance and ISM regulations include the definition of "before sailing" and "at the time of sailing", the assurance of "careful handling", the assurance of seaworthiness, and so on. These seemingly obsolete topics, In the new absolute seaworthiness stage led by the ISM Code and ISPS Code, the contents of the Hamburg Code should be substantially changed. The author expounds the viewpoint that each hot issue can balance the interests of all parties and has practical maneuverability. In order to guide the following judicial practice buried the foreshadowing. The third chapter is about the judicial practice of ship seaworthiness. Following the hot issues in Chapter II, this chapter is not only applicable to the reasonable application of substantive law. Moreover, a large number of suggestions are put forward in the litigation procedure which are conducive to the appropriate allocation of seaworthiness risk at present stage, among which, in maritime litigation, a special procedure of proof should be introduced. Take a cautious approach in determining the carrier / insured's seaworthiness responsibilities; in the amendment of maritime law, a number of provisions on seaworthiness should be added. In fact, these views and suggestions, Of course, the seaworthiness of ships is a concept of development, which needs to be combined with the practical knowledge of navigation and shipping, and use the viewpoint of development to analyze its connotation.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D922.294;D996.19

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