船舶碰撞中的举证责任问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 10:18

本文选题：船舶碰撞　切入点：举证责任　出处：《上海海运学院》2002年硕士论文

【摘要】： 船舶碰撞诉讼是海事诉讼类型之一，归属于民事诉讼之中。因为海事诉讼的特殊性，我国在1999年通过了《中华人民共和国海事诉讼特别程序法》；又因为船舶碰撞案件处理的专业性，立法者又专门在上述特别程序法的第八章“审判程序”中设立一节以规定船舶碰撞案件的审理。船舶碰撞诉讼的特殊性和专业性决定了其举证责任制度除应遵循民事诉讼中举证责任制度的原则规定外，还需要具体问题具体分析，结合船舶碰撞案的实际情况，将民诉法中有关举证责任的制度在适用上进行具体化和完善化。同时，应该深入研究主宰碰撞领域的国际大法《1972年国际海上避碰规则》及其修订本的各项规定，以便为我国司法界形成一套完备的，以民诉法中举证责任制度为原则但又具船舶碰撞诉讼特色的，兼顾船舶碰撞案件审理的涉外性和特殊性，公正均衡的船舶碰撞举证责任制度提供一种理论思路，此乃本课题研究的目的和意义所在。到目前为止，我国专门规定船舶碰撞案件中原、被告双方举证责任问题的海事法规几乎没有；在学术界，从事这项研究的理论也少之又少。相比之下，英美两国有关船舶碰撞的审判有着远远领先于世界上其他国家的丰富经验和理论成果。有鉴于上述现状，本文立足于本国法制特征，在先辈的民事举证责任制度理论成果基础上，借鉴英美典型海事判例确定的举证责任原则，对船舶碰撞中的举证责任及其分配制度进行了考察；并从举证责任分配规则的理论角度对1972年《国际海上避碰规则》进行了大胆的评析，在发现问题的基础上提出了一些个人的观点，以作为海事司法实践的参考。最后，通过讨论上述船舶碰撞举证责任中的核心问题，本文对在我国船舶碰撞诉讼中该如何构建举证责任分配制度进行了一系列的分析、研究，以期能为正确解决船舶碰撞诉讼中当事人的举证责任问题，公正、及时地审理船舶碰撞纠纷，，维护航运业正常有序地发展贡献微薄之力。我国在传统上继受大陆法体制，素有重实体、轻程序，重实务、轻理论之倾向，虽然近年来在民事举证责任制度方面有了大踏步的发展和完善，但由于我国法律界缺乏对海事，特别是船舶碰撞领域举证责任制度理论上的具体应用研究，从而使碰撞司法审判实践常常带有一定的盲目性。从目前情况来看，我国有关海事举证责任制度，尤其是船舶碰撞举证责任制度的理论，如果用诸如“寥若晨星”、“高处不胜寒”此类的言语来表述的话，硕士学位论文摘要一。矢也不为之过分。本课题的研究不过是一种伺机投石问路的尝试，作为一个海商法的学习者，希冀此般拙笔亦能借以达到抛砖引玉的效应。
[Abstract]:Ship collision action is one of the types of maritime litigation, which belongs to civil litigation, because of the particularity of maritime action, In 1999, China adopted the Special procedure Law of the people's Republic of China for Maritime Litigation; also because of the professionalism of handling ship collision cases, Legislators also set up a section in Chapter VIII of the above-mentioned Special procedure Law "trial procedure" to regulate the hearing of ship collision cases. The particularity and professionalism of ship collision proceedings determine that the system of burden of proof should be followed in addition to the system of burden of proof. In addition to the principles of the system of burden of proof in civil proceedings, It also needs concrete analysis of specific problems, combining with the actual situation of ship collision cases, to concretize and perfect the application of the system of burden of proof in civil action law. At the same time, The provisions of the International Code for the Prevention of collisions at Sea, 1972, which governs the field of collision, and the revised version thereof, should be studied in depth in order to form a complete set of laws for the judicial community of our country. Taking the system of burden of proof in civil action law as the principle but with the characteristics of ship collision litigation, the fair and balanced system of burden of proof of ship collision provides a theoretical train of thought, which takes into account the foreign-related and particularity of the adjudication of ship collision cases. This is the purpose and significance of this research. Up to now, there are few maritime laws and regulations on the burden of proof between the defendant and the defendant in the case of ship collision. In academic circles, there are few theories engaged in this research. The trial of ship collision between the United States and the United States has a rich experience and theoretical results far ahead of other countries in the world. In view of the above situation, this paper is based on the legal characteristics of our own country. Based on the theoretical achievements of the civil burden of proof system of the predecessors and referring to the principle of the burden of proof determined by typical maritime cases in the United States and the United States, this paper investigates the burden of proof and its distribution system in the collision of ships. And from the theoretical point of view of the allocation of burden of proof, this paper makes a bold assessment of the 1972 International Code for preventing collisions at Sea, and puts forward some personal views on the basis of the discovery of the problems in order to serve as a reference for maritime judicial practice. By discussing the core problems of the burden of proof in ship collision, this paper makes a series of analysis and research on how to construct the distribution system of burden of proof in our country's ship collision litigation. In order to solve the problem of the burden of proof of the parties in the ship collision litigation correctly, to deal with the collision dispute in a fair and timely manner, and to maintain the normal and orderly development of the shipping industry, it can contribute to the meager contribution. Traditionally, China has been subjected to the system of continental law, which has the tendency of emphasizing substance, procedure, practice and theory. Although in recent years, the system of civil burden of proof has made great strides in development and perfection, but the legal profession of our country is short of maritime affairs. Especially in the field of ship collision, the system of burden of proof is applied in theory, so that the judicial practice of collision is often blind. From the current situation, the system of maritime burden of proof in our country, In particular, the theory of the onus of proof for collision of ships is expressed in words such as "few morning stars" and "cold high places". Abstract of Master's degree thesis. The study of this subject is only an attempt to find a way to solve the problem. A learner of maritime law hopes that such a poor pen can also achieve the effect of inspiration.
【学位授予单位】：上海海运学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2002
【分类号】：D915.2

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