海上货物运输承运人识别问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 02:10

本文选题：海上货物运输合同 + 承运人　；参考：《西南政法大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：“海上货物承运人的识别”问题，历来是国际海商法学界关注的课题，，也是司法实践中公认的难题。由于各国对这一问题的认识差异较大，再加上至今国际上都没有一套关于“海上货物承运人”的权威界定规范和有效的识别制度，导致在长期的司法实践中此类案件判决的不稳定性。例如1999年“五矿公司诉海南通连船务公司运输合同纠纷”一案，被告海南通连船务公司在一审、二审以及再审中分别被赋予了三种不同的法律地位，更使我国学术界认识到“承运人识别问题”的复杂性和重要性。本文希望通过对此问题的全面研究，从各国的司法判例中总结出几种主要的识别依据和思路，并能在我国现行法下建立起一套“海上货物承运人识别”制度。为此，本文分了四大部分来论述。第一部分概述，主要研究了“海上货物承运人识别”问题的内容和海上货物运输过程中常见的几个基本概念，阐述了承运人识别的重要意义：在实体法方面，对主体身份的准确识别，是解决海上货物运输纠纷的前提条件，也是当事人之间权利义务划分的基础；在程序法方面，由于诉讼时效的限制，一旦受损方对承运人识别错误，很可能导致最终实体权利的落空。本文的第二部分至第四部分是全文的核心主体部分，主要沿着“产生问题，研究问题，解决问题”的总思路，对“承运人识别”问题进行了分析阐述。第二部分承运人识别问题的产生，指出了三个方面的原因：(1)关于“承运人”相关概念的国际、国内立法繁多且分歧较大。当今世界正处于《海牙规则》、《海牙一维斯比规则》、《汉堡规则》三个公约并存的时代，而且三个公约在“承运人如何界定”这个问题上的规定是存在明显差异的。这是造成实践中识别混乱的立法原因。(2)海上运输合同涉及主体及其身份的多样性。这是这一问题产生的客观原因。(3)提单签章操作不规范。承运人签发提单本是法律的明确要求，但由于实践中各种当事人对提单事项记载不规范，又给法院依提单识别承运人时增加了难度。第三部分各国解决承运人识别问题的依据。这一部分主要是结合各国解决承运人识别问题的相关判例，列举了四大“识别标准”并分析了他们
[Abstract]:The problem of " identification of carrier of sea goods " has always been a subject of concern in the international maritime law academic circle , and it is a recognized problem in judicial practice .

In the first part , the article mainly studies the contents of " identification of carrier of sea goods " and several common basic concepts in the course of sea goods transportation , and expounds the important meaning of carrier recognition : in the substantive law , the accurate identification of the identity of the subject is the precondition for solving the dispute of sea goods transportation and the foundation of the division of rights and obligations between the parties ;
In procedural law , due to the limitation of limitation of limitation of limitation of limitation of limitation of limitation of limitation of action , it is likely that the right of the final entity will be lost once the injured party has made an error to the carrier .

The second part to the fourth part of this paper are the core body parts of the whole text , mainly along the general idea of " producing problems , research problems and solving problems " , and analyze the problem of " carrier identification " .

In the second part , the author points out three reasons : ( 1 ) the international and domestic legislation on the concept of " carrier " is different and the difference is larger . The present world is in the era of coexistence of three conventions in the Hague Rules of the Hague , the Hague - Visby Rules , the Hamburg Rules and the three conventions .

In the third part , the basis of the problem of carrier recognition is solved in each country . This part is mainly based on the relevant jurisprudence of the countries to solve the problem of carrier identification , and lists four " identification standards " and analyzes them .

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】