第三人利益合同的受益第三人制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-17 18:43

本文选题：合同相对性原则 + 第三人利益合同　；参考：《华东政法学院》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 第三人利益合同是随着社会经济的发展而兴起的,是对合同相对性原则的突破。在英美法系和大陆法系的立法和实践中,第三人利益合同已经建立并日臻完善,受益第三人的权利得到很好的保护。而我国1999颁布的合同法仍坚持合同相对性原则,在承认第三人有权接受债务人履行的同时,却没有规定第三人有权利在债务人违约的情况下以自己的名义提起诉讼。这种滞后的法律制度既不符合合同法的根本宗旨和基本原则,亦不能很好地保护受益第三人的权利。为此,需要建立我国的受益第三人制度。本文除导言和结束语外,总分为四章: 第一章共四节,分别阐述了如下问题:两大法系第三人利益合同的生成;第三人利益合同的性质和价值;第三人利益合同中基础关系分析和受益第三人的概念;受益第三人的确定和受益第三人的分类。所有这些基本问题的探讨,都为下面受益第三人制度的研究做了铺垫。第二章着重讨论了受益第三人的权利问题:第一节分析了受益第三人权利取得的理论依据,通过对各国的比较法研究,指出应直接赋予第三人权利的法律效力;第二节对受益第三人权利的生效标准进行修正;第三节分析受益第三人的权利内容:履行合同请求权及相关权利、变更或解除合同的抗辩权、给付受领权和债权保护请求权;第四节阐释了受益第三人取得诉权的条件,即在合同没有明确规定的情况下,采取英国反证的作法。第三章主要探讨了受益第三人权利的消极保护,即在第三人利益合同中,合同被解除、撤消、无效,或着违约时,对受益第三人权利的保护。第四章首先对我国第三人利益合同的现状进行评析,指出我国合同法第64条的性质只能认定为“经由被指令人而为交付”,而不是真正的第三人利益合同。这条规定只是合同履行的一种方式,即向第三人履行。而我国《合同法》虽然在分论中以及保险法、信托法、海商法等法中有相关的规定,但缺少一个统一的一般性的基本保护框架。最后,笔者阐明了建立我国第三人利益合同及受益第三人制度的观点:第三人利益合同应作为一种特殊的合同类型,受益第三人应取得直接请求权和诉权。总之,承认第三人利益合同,并不与合同相对性原则的价值相冲突,亦不损及民事主体的自由,反而体现了对当事人意思的尊重,与私法自治的精神相吻合。承认第三人利益合同可以加强对第三人信赖利益的保护,减轻诉讼负担,节省社会成本。因此,我国应当建立符合我国合同法基本理论的受益第三人制度,保护受益第三人的权利。
[Abstract]:The third party interest contract rises with the development of social economy and breaks through the principle of relativity of contract.In the legislation and practice of Anglo-American law system and civil law system, the contract of benefit of the third party has been established and perfected day by day, and the rights of the benefit of the third party have been well protected.The contract law promulgated in 1999 in China still adheres to the principle of relativity of contract. While recognizing that the third party has the right to accept the performance of the debtor, it does not stipulate that the third party has the right to sue in the name of the debtor in case of breach of contract.The lagging legal system does not accord with the basic purpose and principle of contract law, nor can it protect the rights of the third party.Therefore, it is necessary to establish the beneficial third party system in our country.In addition to the introduction and concluding remarks, this paper is divided into four chapters:The first chapter is divided into four sections: the formation of the third party interest contract in the two major legal systems, the nature and value of the third party interest contract, the analysis of the basic relationship and the concept of the beneficial third party in the third party interest contract;The identification of the third party and the classification of the third person.All these basic problems, all for the benefit of the following third-party system to do the research.The second chapter focuses on the rights of beneficial third parties: the first section analyzes the theoretical basis for the acquisition of the rights of beneficial third parties, and points out that the legal effect of the rights of third parties should be directly given through the comparative study of countries;The second section is the revision of the effective standard of the third party's rights, the third section analyzes the content of the third party's rights: the right to perform the contract and the related rights, the right to change or rescind the contract, and the right to claim for payment of the right of claim and the protection of the creditor's rights.Section IV explains the conditions for the beneficiary third party to obtain the right of action, that is, to adopt the British countervailing practice in the absence of a clear stipulation in the contract.The third chapter mainly discusses the negative protection of the rights of the beneficial third party, that is, in the contract of benefit of the third party, the contract is cancelled, cancelled, invalid, or in case of breach of contract, the protection of the rights of the third party is protected.In the fourth chapter, the author analyzes the present situation of the contract for the benefit of the third party in our country, and points out that the nature of Article 64 of the contract Law of our country can only be regarded as "delivered by the instructed person", but not as the true contract of the benefit of the third party.This provision is only one way of performing the contract, that is, to a third party.Although there are some relevant provisions in the law of insurance, the law of trust and the law of maritime law, the contract Law of our country lacks a unified and general basic framework of protection.Finally, the author clarifies the point of view that the third party interest contract and the benefit third party system should be a special contract type, and the beneficiary third party should obtain the direct claim right and the right of action.In short, the recognition of a contract for the benefit of a third party does not conflict with the value of the principle of relativity of contract, nor does it impair the freedom of the civil subject. On the contrary, it embodies respect for the meaning of the parties and accords with the spirit of autonomy in private law.Recognizing the third party's benefit contract can strengthen the protection of the third party's trust interest, lighten the litigation burden and save the social cost.Therefore, China should establish a beneficial third party system in accordance with the basic theory of contract law and protect the rights of beneficial third party.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D913

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