论无船承运人的若干法律问题

发布时间：2018-04-19 09:27

本文选题：无船承运人 + 法律地位　；参考：《上海海事大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 随着国际贸易和现代物流的不断发展,国际海上货物运输专业化分工的不断细化,无船承运业务已经成为国际海上货物运输不可或缺的重要组成部分。尤其,在集装箱运输和国际多式联运蓬勃发展的今天,无船承运人制度的重要地位与作用日益彰显。2002年1月1日,《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》正式生效,确立了我国的无船承运人制度。《国际海运条例》实施五年来,我国无船承运业务进入了一个迅速和规范发展的时期,无船承运人队伍不断发展壮大,国际货运代理企业在从事代理人和承运人两种不同性质的业务时曾经存在的角色混淆、法律责任不清等问题基本得到解决。但是,一种新制度从产生、发展到成熟需要一个过程,在其实施过程中不可避免的存在认识上的分歧和制度上的不健全,需要在发展中不断完善,在讨论中不断成熟。本文以《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》、《中华人民共和国海商法》、《中华人民共和国合同法》、《美国1998年航运改革法》等为理论依托,主要从民事法律关系出发对无船承运人的若干法律问题展开研究。全文共由四章组成。第一章主要介绍有关无船承运人的基础理论知识,包括无船承运人的历史渊源、无船承运人的定义、无船承运人的特征和类型,旨在使读者明了无船承运人法律概念是从实践中发展而来的。第二章,笔者分别从无船承运人作为承运人和托运人的角度分析无船承运人在不同的法律关系中表现出的身份特点及其与国际货运服务经营者、国际多式联运经营人的关系,重点对比了中美两国相关法律对无船承运人法律地位界定的异同,进而明确了无船承运人的法律地位——限制性承运人、限制性托运人。第三章是本文重点章节,笔者在本章中倾注大量笔墨试图从无船承运人的归责原则、责任期间、责任范围、责任限制、责任免除以及责任风险承担等六方面尽可能详尽的阐述无船承运人法律责任问题,并适时的提出自己的观点,力求使读者对无船承运人的民事法律责任有较全面、深刻的认知。第四章,笔者就无船承运实务中具有典型性的中间承运人和无船承运人留置权问题展开讨论,重点分析了中间无船承运人的法律地位和“运费预付”提单下无船承运人是否享有留置权问题。本文运用比较分析法,结合中外法律、国际惯例对无船承运人的相关规定,对无船承运人定义、特征、法律地位以及权利、义务、责任的承担等问题进行了较深入细致的探讨,力求为完善我国的无船承运人法律制度提供有益的建议。
[Abstract]:With the development of international trade and modern logistics, the specialization of international freight transportation is becoming more and more detailed.In particular, with the vigorous development of container transport and international multimodal transport, the importance and role of the NVOCC system is becoming increasingly prominent. On January 1, 2002, the regulations of the people's Republic of China on International Maritime Transport came into effect.In the five years since the implementation of the "International Maritime regulations", China's non-ship carrier business has entered a period of rapid and standardized development, and the team of non-ship carriers has been developing continuously.The problems such as confusion of roles and unclear legal responsibilities of international freight forwarders have been basically solved when they are engaged in two different types of business: agent and carrier.However, a new system needs a process from production, development to maturity. In the process of its implementation, there are inevitable differences in understanding and institutional imperfections, which need to be constantly perfected in development and mature in discussions.This paper is based on the regulations of the people's Republic of China on International Maritime Transport, the Maritime Law of the people's Republic of China, the contract Law of the people's Republic of China, and the Shipping Reform Law of the United States of America of 1998.This paper mainly studies some legal problems of NVOCC from the perspective of civil legal relationship.The full text consists of four chapters.The first chapter mainly introduces the basic theoretical knowledge of NVOCC, including the historical origin of NVOCC, the definition of NVOCC, the characteristics and types of NVOCC.The aim is to make the reader understand that the legal concept of NVOCC is developed from practice.In the second chapter, the author analyzes the identity of NVOCC in different legal relationships from the point of view of NVOCC as carrier and shipper, as well as the relationship between NVOCC and international cargo service operators and international multimodal transport operators.The differences and similarities of the legal status of NVOCC in the relevant laws of China and the United States are compared, and then the legal status of NVOCC-restrictive carrier and restrictive shipper is clarified.The third chapter is the key chapter of this article, in this chapter I pour a lot of pen and ink from the non-ship carrier's imputation principle, liability period, liability scope, liability limitation,In order to make readers have a comprehensive and profound understanding of the civil liability of NVOCC, the legal liability of NVOCC is expounded in detail in six aspects, such as exemption from liability and liability risk, and their own views are put forward at the right time in order to make readers have a more comprehensive and profound understanding of NVOCC's civil liability.In the fourth chapter, the author discusses the lien rights of the intermediate carrier and the non-ship carrier, which are typical in the practice of non-ship carriage.The legal status of intermediate NVOCC and the lien of NVOCC under freight prepaid bill of lading are analyzed.In this paper, the definition, characteristics, legal status, rights, obligations and responsibilities of NVOCC are discussed in detail, combining with the relevant provisions of Chinese and foreign law and international practice, and the definition, characteristics, legal status, rights, obligations and responsibilities of NVOCC.To improve the legal system of NVOCC in China to provide useful suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D912.29;D922.294

【引证文献】