海上承运人法律责任制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 08:48

本文选题：承运人责任制度 + 航海过失免责　；参考：《南京师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：海上承运人责任制度是国际海上货物运输法的核心问题,其不仅关系着船货双方的利益平衡,更决定着国际航海运输法的基本特征与价值取向。国际海运公约中的海上承运人责任制度一路行来历经变革,突出的问题集中在航海过失免责的存废、承运人归责原则、举证责任分配等问题,这些问题都是承运人责任制度变革过程中的重点及核心。为此,本文以“海上承运人法律责任制度研究”为题,从海上承运人法律责任制度内容的变革及其深层次的内在原因入手,重点针对航海过失免责的存废及承运人归责原则及举证责任分配的变革进行了分析、评介,并且,在此基础之上总结了我国《海商法》中相关海上承运人责任制度的不足之处,并提出浅见——建议借鉴世界范围内的先进立法,以完善我国海上承运人归责原则及举证责任分配制度,并建议依据我国现实国情暂时保留航海过失免责制度。具体而言,本文围绕以上问题分为四部分进行论述：第一部分对海上承运人责任制度进行概括叙述,首先对海上承运人责任制度的内涵和外延进行了界定,接着探讨了海上承运人责任制度的起源和发展过程,以及其发展变化的经济和社会原因,最后介绍了海上承运人责任制度最新发展变化情况；第二部分对海上承运人责任制度中重要的一环——航海过失免责制度进行了评介,分析了航海过失免责制度的存废之争以及对承运人责任的影响；第三部分对承运人责任制度的核心问题—承运人责任基础下的归责原则,主要是对“严格责任”、“不完全过错责任”和“完全过错责任”进行了分析,同时对一般情况下的、除外风险的、火灾的、适航义务的和混合责任情形下的举证责任分配问题进行了分析和评介；第四部分首先对我国《海商法》承运人责任制度的立法现状进行了简单介绍,最后对我国《海商法》未来的发展趋势进行了探讨,着重分析了我国对航海过失免责的争论及态度；我国承运人归责原则的发展趋势；我国对承运人举证责任的完善趋势；最后探讨了我国对承运人免责事项的扩大趋势。
[Abstract]:The maritime carrier's responsibility system is the core issue of the international maritime transport law. It not only relates to the balance of the interests of the shippers, but also determines the basic characteristics and value orientation of the international maritime transport law. These issues are the key and core of the change of the carrier's responsibility system. This paper, based on the "study on the legal responsibility system of maritime carrier", begins with the reform of the legal responsibility system within the maritime carrier and its deep inner reasons. On the basis of the analysis and review of the existence and abolition of the exemption of maritime negligence, the principle of the liability for the carrier and the change of the burden of burden of proof, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the maritime carrier's liability system in the maritime law of China and puts forward a brief view - advising the advanced legislation in the world in order to perfect the sea of our country. The liability principle of the carrier and the distribution system of the burden of proof are also proposed, and it is suggested that the nautical fault exemption system should be temporarily retained in accordance with China's actual conditions.
Specifically, this article is divided into four parts:
The first part is a general description of the liability system of maritime carrier. First, it defines the connotation and extension of the liability system of maritime carrier, then discusses the origin and development process of the liability system of maritime carrier, as well as the economic and social reasons for its development and changes, and then introduces the latest development of the liability system of maritime carrier. The second part reviews the marine carrier liability system, an important part of the maritime carrier's liability system, and analyzes the dispute on the existence and abolition of the nautical fault exemption system and the influence on the liability of the carrier; the third part is the core question of the carrier's responsibility system - the principle of liability under the carrier's responsibility. The main purpose is to analyze the "strict liability", "incomplete fault liability" and "complete fault liability", and to analyze and evaluate the distribution of the burden of proof under the general circumstances, the fire, the duty of seaworthiness and the mixed responsibility. The fourth part is first to the liability of the maritime law and the carrier in China. The present situation of the legislation of the system is briefly introduced. Finally, the development trend of the maritime law in China is discussed, and the dispute and attitude towards the exemption of maritime negligence from China, the trend of the development of the principle of the liability for the carrier in our country, the trend of the improvement of the carrier's burden of proof in our country, and the final discussion of the carrier in our country The widening trend of disclaimer.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.294

【参考文献】