船舶留置权的受偿顺序研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 01:13

本文选题：公平原则 + 船舶留置权　；参考：《大连海事大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 船舶留置权,是指以船舶为客体的留置权,它是民法上的留置权在海商法上的具体运用和发展。根据《海商法》第25条的规定,船舶留置权最初是为了保护船舶造船人、修船人的利益而设立的船舶担保制度。现如今正值《物权法》的出台,留置权的范围不仅限于几种特定合同,因此,笔者认为有必要将实践中存在的其他类型船舶留置权纳入广义的船舶留置权范围之内,以建立完整的船舶留置权法律制度。再者,一直以来,无论是各国的国内立法,还是有关船舶担保物权的国际公约的规定,都将船舶留置权的受偿顺序排在船舶优先权之后,船舶抵押权之前,这样做本身是否合理值得探讨；加之船舶留置权的范围有所扩大,是否所有的船舶留置权都依照国际上的惯例安排受偿顺序值得研究。具体而言,本文共分为四个章节来阐述完整的船舶留置权制度,第一章对民法上留置权制度的基本理论问题作了分析和介绍,以两大法系的国内法规定为基础,笔者总结出我国留置权制度的法律特征及其构成要件,为第二章的分析奠定基础。第二章,以《物权法》的最新规定为契机,结合海事实践的常见做法,将海难救助人、沉船打捞人等海事债权人纳入船舶留置权的调整范围之内,笔者认为,法律应当关注的是否符合留置船舶的构成要件,而不是将主体限制在特定的范围内。而且,在实践中能够发生留置船舶的情形还是比较少见的,很难发生权利滥用。第三章重点论述本文的主体部分,即船舶留置权在船舶担保物权中受偿顺序,在比较分析船舶留置权与船舶优先权和船舶抵押权之间的区别的基础上,主要讨论造船人、修船人、海难救助人、沉船打捞人的船舶留置权与船舶优先权和船舶抵押权的受偿顺序,笔者打破了船舶担保制度的常规做法,将上述海事债权人的船舶留置权放在船舶优先权之前受偿,以真正实现民法上的公平原则,体现法律的效率与公正。最后,笔者对未来修改海商法提出一些意见,以期完善海商法体系中的船舶留置权制度。
[Abstract]:The lien of ship refers to the lien with the ship as the object. It is the concrete application and development of the lien in the civil law in the maritime law. According to Article 25 of the Maritime Law, the lien of a ship was originally established to protect the interests of shipbuilders and shipbuilders. Nowadays, with the introduction of Real right Law, the scope of lien is not limited to several specific contracts. Therefore, the author thinks that it is necessary to bring the other types of ship lien in practice into the broad scope of ship lien. In order to establish a complete legal system of lien on ships. Furthermore, both the domestic legislation of various countries and the provisions of international conventions on security interests in ships have always placed the recompense order of the lien on a ship after the maritime lien and before the mortgage on the ship. Whether it is reasonable to do so in itself is worth exploring; in addition, the scope of the ship lien has been expanded, and whether all the ship liens are in accordance with international practice to arrange the order of payment is worth studying. Specifically, this paper is divided into four chapters to explain the integrity of the ship lien system. The first chapter analyzes and introduces the basic theoretical issues of the civil law lien system, based on the domestic law provisions of the two major legal systems. The author summarizes the legal characteristics of the lien system and its constituent elements, which lays a foundation for the analysis of the second chapter. In the second chapter, taking the latest regulations of the property Law as the turning point and combining the common practice of maritime practice, the maritime creditors, such as salvage persons and shipwrecks, are brought into the scope of the adjustment of the lien of ships. The law should pay attention to the conformability of the lien rather than limiting the subject to a specific scope. Moreover, in practice, the situation of lien ship is still relatively rare, it is difficult to abuse rights. The third chapter focuses on the main part of this paper, that is, the order in which the ship lien is paid in the ship security interest. On the basis of comparative analysis of the difference between the ship lien, the maritime lien and the ship mortgage, the shipbuilders are discussed. The ship lien, maritime lien, ship lien and ship mortgage order of shipbuilders, shipwreckers and shipwreckers have broken the conventional practice of ship guarantee system. In order to realize the principle of fairness in civil law and reflect the efficiency and justice of the law, the lien of the maritime creditor mentioned above is paid before the maritime lien. Finally, the author puts forward some suggestions on the future revision of maritime law in order to perfect the system of maritime lien.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D922.294

【引证文献】