沉船沉物强制打捞法律责任研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 19:56

本文选题：沉船沉物 + 强制打捞　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 沉船沉物打捞课题长久以来一直未受到国内法学界的重视。究其原因,一是在国际上,无论是国际公约还是各国国内法,都没有一部完整的法律调整沉船沉物打捞清除费用法律关系;二是在国内,由于二十世纪八十年代前,沉船沉物事故一直没有造成严重的后果,故不为各位学者所关注。但近年来,随着船舶体积的增大及船载危险货物的增多,船舶沉没后给航行安全和环境保护带来的危害越来越大,为了打捞清除沉船沉物所需的费用也日益增加,在费用如何负担方面存在的争议较多,如何解决这些新问题已成为海事立法者的主要任务之一。本文是在笔者对相关法律法规进行了研究,对我国主要的海事主管机关进行调研,收集了大量第一手资料的基础上写作而成。笔者通过调研,将现今沉船沉物打捞清除中存在的问题归纳如下:沉船沉物的基本概念和范围、沉船沉物强制打捞的概念及成立要件、强制打捞中各方当事人及其关系、强制打捞中的责任限制、强制打捞清除费用的内容、性质、实现方式、打捞清除费用的受偿位次以及沉船沉物打捞清除费用实现的保障。对于这几个问题国内海商法学界尚无定论,有的问题在司法实践中甚至有截然相反的判决。为了解决以上问题,笔者首先比较分析了国际公约及各国国内法,从中找到可资借鉴之处,再从我国现有的法律规定入手,探求以上问题在我国法律环境下的解决方案,继而进一步探讨该解决方案的利弊,然后阐明为了更好地解决以上问题,是否需要对我国法律环境中的相应方面进行修改。通过本文的论述,笔者认为沉船沉物打捞清除法律关系复杂、问题繁多,同时我国在有关沉船沉物打捞清除方面的立法还很不完善,许多问题亟待解决。我国在为沉船沉物打捞清除进行立法时,应多注重对实际问题的解决,同时多关注国际动态,尤其在国际油污损害赔偿责任限制方面多加借鉴,在某些方面努力做到与国际步调保持一致,以妥善地处理现在沉船沉物打捞清除实践中存在的各种问题。
[Abstract]:The subject of sunken object salvage has not been paid much attention by domestic legal circles for a long time. The reason for this is that there is not a complete legal relationship between the international conventions and the domestic laws of various countries in regulating the cost of salvaging sunken ships and sunken objects. Second, at home, before the 1980s, Shipwreck accident has not caused serious consequences, so it is not concerned by scholars. However, in recent years, with the increase of the volume of ships and the increase of dangerous goods on board, the safety of navigation and environmental protection are becoming more and more harmful after the sinking of ships, and the cost of removing sunken objects is also increasing day by day in order to salvage and remove sunken objects. There are many disputes on how to bear the expenses. How to solve these new problems has become one of the main tasks of maritime legislators. This paper is based on the author's research on the relevant laws and regulations, the investigation of the main maritime authorities in China, and the collection of a large number of first-hand information. Through investigation and investigation, the author summarizes the existing problems in the salvage removal of sunken ship and object as follows: the basic concept and scope of sunken object, the concept of compulsory salvage of sunken ship and object and its establishment requirements, the parties involved in forced salvage and their relations. The limitation of liability in compulsory salvage, the content, nature, realization mode of the cost of forcible salvage removal, the rank of compensation of salvage and removal cost and the guarantee of realizing the cost of salvage removal of sunken ship. There is no final conclusion on these issues in domestic maritime law circles, and some problems even have opposite judgments in judicial practice. In order to solve the above problems, the author first compares and analyzes the international conventions and the domestic laws of various countries, and finds out the reference points, and then, starting with the existing legal provisions of our country, explores the solutions to the above problems under the legal environment of our country. Then the advantages and disadvantages of the solution are further discussed, and then it is clarified that in order to solve the above problems better, it is necessary to modify the corresponding aspects of the legal environment of our country. Through the discussion of this paper, the author thinks that the legal relation of salvage and removal of sunken objects is complicated and the problems are various. At the same time, the legislation on salvage and removal of sunken objects in our country is still very imperfect, and many problems need to be solved urgently. When our country legislates for the salvage and removal of sunken objects, we should pay more attention to the solution of practical problems, and pay more attention to international developments, especially to the limitation of international liability for oil pollution damage. In some respects, we should try to keep up with the international step in order to properly deal with the various problems existing in the practice of dredging and removing sunken objects.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D922.294;D996

【引证文献】