电子合同主体的相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 02:30

本文选题：电子合同 + 主体　；参考：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着人类社会进入信息网络时代,信息数字化、网络化给社会带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战,也逐渐改变着整个社会的运行模式和行为方式。人们只要登陆互联网,就可以足不出户的进行一系列法律行为。电子商务就是信息时代产生的一种重要的经济贸易形式。电子商务经过一段时期的发展后,现步入一种较为平静的发展状态,而且将继续在经济领域蓬勃发展,并极大的改变整个社会的交易形式,同时也从多方面对传统的民商法乃至整个法律体系形成巨大的冲击与挑战。很明显,科技的发展在推动着经济发展的同时,也对法律起着一定的影响作用,在立法、司法与法学研究等多个领域均有体现。相对于电子商务的蓬勃发展,其带来的问题也是前所未有的,尤其在电子合同的主体问题上更甚,如：电子合同的主体身份确认问题、电子合同的主体缔约能力问题以及电子欺诈订约问题等等。这些问题在目前各国现有的法规中未必能得到很好的解决。互联网的运用固然为电子商务开创出新的领域,但是由于网络交易有一套不同于传统交易的规则,调整交易的法律制度也应该反映网络交易的要求和特点,否则现实生活中许多纷繁复杂的网络问题将无法得到法律的调整和规范。电子合同与传统合同相较毕竟有无纸化、电子化的特点,本文立足于电子合同对传统合同的挑战,基于电子合同独有的特殊性,对于电子合同的主体的相关问题进行了探讨,从电子合同的基本理论出发,从以下几个方面进行了分析,最终落脚到电子合同主体所牵涉的问题对于电子合同的合同效力以及法律责任的承担上,明确了电子合同订立过程中主体的相关法律问题。第一部分,是电子合同主体相关的第一个法律问题,即电子合同主体身份的确认问题。由于网络交易中当事人双方并非面对面交易,所以当事人主体身份确认问题无疑是对传统交易规则带来的挑战中首当其冲的。所以,如何确认电子合同当事人成了电子合同有效运行过程中必须解决的问题。本文认为电子合同主体的身份分为网络身份与现实身份两类,分别用电子签名制度和电子认证制度加以规制。电子签名制度和电子认证制度必须配套运行,才能从当事人的网络身份推及到其现实身份,从而在纠纷发生后,及时找到现实中应承担法律责任的人。第二部分,是电子合同主体相关的第二个法律问题,即电子合同中未成年人作为主体的缔约问题。首先,着重从电子合同对传统未成年人缔约能力制度的冲击以及未成年人电子合同的效力认定进行分析,探讨了未成年人在电子合同领域的缔约能力问题。其次,讨论了电子合同中未成年人欺诈订约的问题。将电子合同中的未成年人欺诈订约分为了两种情形,明确了此时未成年人电子欺诈订约的合同效力问题。最后,从法律救济原则、法律救济措施、损害赔偿三个方面入手探讨了未成年人电子欺诈订约的法律救济问题。第三部分,是电子合同主体相关的第三个法律问题,即电子代理人的问题。由于没有人工直接介入的协商过程,电子代理人在合同订立中的地位及其行为效力、责任归属等问题,都值得商榷。加之电子代理人制度涉及到电子合同主体缔约的诸多问题,所以在本文的最后一部分进行了探讨。首先,明确了电子代理人的定义和性质,阐明了它与传统代理人的本质区别。其次,深入讨论了电子代理人的法律地位和缔约能力,由此确定了电子代理人订立合同的有效性。最后,对通过电子代理人订立的合同,其效力归属和责任承担问题进行了分析。
[Abstract]:With the human society entering the age of information network, information digitalization and networking have brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges to society, and it has gradually changed the mode of operation and behavior of the whole society. As long as people landed on the Internet, they could carry out a series of legal acts. Electronic commerce was the generation of the information age. An important form of economic trade. After a period of development, e-commerce has entered a relatively quiet state of development, and will continue to flourish in the economic field and greatly change the form of the whole society. At the same time, it also has a great impact on the traditional civil and commercial law and the whole legal system from many aspects. Challenges. It is obvious that the development of science and technology, while promoting economic development, also plays a certain impact on the law, which is reflected in many fields, such as legislation, judicial and legal research.
Relative to the flourishing development of e-commerce, its problems are unprecedented, especially in the subject of electronic contracts, such as the identification of the main identity of electronic contracts, the ability to contract the main body of electronic contracts and the engagement of electronic fraud, etc. these problems may not be possible in the current laws and regulations of various countries. The application of the Internet has created a new field of electronic commerce. However, because the network transaction has a set of rules different from the traditional transaction, the legal system of adjusting the transaction should also reflect the requirements and characteristics of the network transaction. Otherwise, many complicated network problems in real life will not be legal. Adjustment and specification.
After all, the electronic contract and the traditional contract, after all, have the characteristics of paperless and electronic. This article is based on the challenge of the electronic contract to the traditional contract. Based on the special particularity of the electronic contract, this paper discusses the related problems of the main body of the electronic contract, and analyzes the following aspects from the following aspects, starting with the basic theory of the electronic contract. The problems involved in the subject of electronic contract are related to the contract validity and legal responsibility of the electronic contract, and the relevant legal problems of the main body in the process of signing the electronic contract are clarified.
The first part is the first legal question related to the electronic contract subject, that is, the identification of the electronic contract subject identity. Because the parties in the network transaction are not face-to-face transactions, the problem of the identity of the parties is undoubtedly the first challenge to the traditional trade rules. The same party has become a problem that must be solved during the effective operation of the electronic contract. The identity of the main body of the electronic contract is divided into two categories: the network identity and the actual identity, and the electronic signature system and the electronic authentication system are regulated respectively. Identity is pushed to its real status, so that people who are legally liable should be found in time after the dispute happens.
The second part is the second legal issues related to the subject of electronic contract, that is, the minors in the electronic contract as the main body of the parties. First, it focuses on the analysis of the impact of the electronic contract on the traditional minors' ability system and the validity of the electronic contract of the minors, and discusses the minors in the field of electronic contracts. Secondly, the problem of the contract of juvenile fraud in the electronic contract is discussed. The contract of juvenile fraud in the electronic contract is divided into two cases, and the contract validity of the electronic fraud contract at this time is clarified. Finally, from the three aspects of the legal relief principle, the legal remedy measures and the damage compensation. This paper discusses the legal remedies for juvenile electronic fraud contract.
The third part is the third legal issues related to the subject of the electronic contract, that is, the problem of the electronic agent. Because of the negotiation process without the direct intervention, the status of the electronic agent in the contract formation, the effect and the responsibility of the electronic agent are all open to discussion. And the electronic agent system involves the contracting of the main body of electronic contract. The last part of this paper is discussed. First, the definition and nature of the electronic agent are clarified, and the essential difference between the electronic agent and the traditional agent is clarified. Secondly, the legal status and the contracting ability of the electronic agent are discussed, and the validity of the contract is determined by the electronic agent. The validity and responsibility of a contract made by an electronic agent are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D923

【参考文献】