法域的研究及其在国际私法学研究中的价值

发布时间：2018-06-03 18:37

本文选题：法域 + 国际私法学　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：法域,是国际私法学研究的基本概念。明确法域的概念,对于正确把握国际私法的精神、充分发挥国际私法的作用,深入认识不同法域间的关系,解决好国际和区际法律冲突,降低法律运行成本,具有重要意义。文章共分为五个部分：第一部分主要是对法域的概念进行界定。从“法域”的重要性切入,对部分学者关于“法域”的理解进行总结,对相关名词进行辨析,在此基础上,对于“法域”的概念提出自己的定义,即指具有独特法律制度的一定的空间区域。第二部分主要分析“法域”的三个构成要素。其一,“一定的区域或范围”,指的是空问上的一定范围,而不包括时间、人际等的范围,独特法律制度在此区域或范围内被制定、实行,其包括一个主权国家的空间范围(主权法域)或者一个主权之下的某一地区范围(非主权法域)这两种情形;其二,“独特的法律制度”,指的是调整民商事关系的私法制度体系的相对独立,同时该区域内民商法等法律规范具有自己的区域特色,与其他法域的法律规范存在较大差异,各法域的法律制度在多大程度上具有其独特性,与本国的立法权分配密切相关。其三,“独立的司法权”,指的是该区域建立起一套相应的司法系统,由该司法系统独立自主地根据本区域独特的民商事法律制度的规定对相关涉外民商事案件行使审判权、法律解释权、司法审查权以及终审权等,不同法域司法权的独立性不尽相同。第三部分主要分析法域的类型。目前国际上主要存在两种不同层次的法域,即主权法域和非主权法域。主权法域,是以国家为单位的法域,其法律制度等具有绝对的独立性,它与主权国家在空间范围和法律制度等都形成一一对应的关系,是国际法律冲突产生的基础。非主权法域,是在主权国家内部统一的宪法框架之下,以一个主权国家内部的行政区域为单位的法域,其拥有独立的立法权、司法审判权和行政权等,各自形成了一套独特的法律制度,是区际法律冲突产生的重要条件。第四部分主要分析世界上几个典型国家的法域及其引起的国际私法问题。美国、英国、瑞士、中国都是主权法域,同时其内部又包括多个非主权法域,是具有不同特点的且较为典型的法域的存在情形。通过对典型法域的形成、特点及其引起的国际私法问题的分析比较,进一步完善“法域”的定义,丰富和加深对“法域”的理解。第五部分主要阐述“法域”在国际私法学研究中的价值。“法域”是国际私法学研究的基本概念,对其进行细致研究具有重要的理论和实践价值：在理论方面,提示人们从概念、分类等方面给予“法域”更多的探讨,减少缘于对“法域”理解不到位所产生的不必要的争辩,夯实国际私法学研究的理论体系,开拓国际私法学研究的思路和视野；在实践方面,有利于更好地划分国际民事诉讼管辖权,也提示人们在国际私法的立法、司法活动中,对于法域的历史传统及发展现状给予足够重视,辩证看待各法域之间的法律冲突问题,从“法域”的构成要素着手推进法域的构建与发展,从而促进国际交流和国家稳定。
[Abstract]:The legal domain is the basic concept of the study of private international law. The definition of the legal domain is of great importance to the correct grasp of the spirit of the international private law, the full play of the role of the international private law, the deep understanding of the relations among different jurisdictions, the settlement of the international and regional conflicts of law and the reduction of the cost of legal operation. The article is divided into five parts: the first The main part is to define the concept of the legal domain. From the importance of the "legal domain", it summarizes the understanding of the "legal domain" by some scholars and discriminates the related nouns. On this basis, it puts forward its own definition for the concept of "the legal domain", that is, a certain space area with a unique legal system. The second part of the concept is the main part of the legal domain. An analysis of the three elements of a "jurisdiction". One, "a certain area or scope", refers to a certain range of space, rather than time, the scope of interpersonal, and a unique legal system that is enacted in this area or within the scope of a sovereign state (a sovereign law domain) or a certain sovereignty. There are two cases of regional scope (non sovereign law domain), and second, "unique legal system" refers to the relative independence of the private legal system of adjusting civil and commercial relations, and the regional characteristics of civil and commercial law in the region and the legal norms of other jurisdictions, and the legal system of various jurisdictions in many areas. To a large extent it has its unique characteristics and closely related to the distribution of legislative power in the country. Thirdly, "independent judicial power" refers to the establishment of a corresponding judicial system in the region. The judicial system is independent and independent of the jurisdiction of the relevant foreign-related civil and commercial cases in accordance with the unique civil and commercial legal system of the region. The independence of judicial power in different jurisdictions is different from the right of interpretation, judicial review and final trial. The third part mainly analyzes the type of the legal domain. At present, there are two different jurisdictions of different levels, namely, the sovereignty law domain and the non sovereignty law domain. The sovereign law domain is the legal domain with the state as the unit, and its legal system has absolute independence. It is the basis of the international legal conflict, which is the basis of the international legal conflict, which is the basis of the international legal conflict. It is under the framework of the unified constitutional framework within the sovereign state and the jurisdictions of the administrative region within a sovereign state, with independent legislative power and judicial power. The fourth part mainly analyzes the jurisdictions of several typical countries in the world and the problems arising from the international private law. The United States, Britain, Switzerland and China are all sovereign jurisdictions, and they include a number of non sovereign jurisdictions. In the fifth part, the fifth part mainly expounds the value of "legal domain" in the study of international private law. Domain "is the basic concept of the study of international private law. It is of great theoretical and practical value to study it carefully. In theory, it suggests that people give more discussion to the" jurisdictions "in terms of concept and classification, reducing unnecessary debates due to the lack of understanding of the" legal domain "and ramming the study of international private law. The theory system opens up the thinking and field of vision for the study of international private law; in practice, it is beneficial to the better division of the jurisdiction of the international civil litigation. It also prompts people to pay enough attention to the historical tradition and development of the legal domain in the legislation of private international law and the judicial activities, and to dialectically view the conflict of laws between the various jurisdictions. The elements of the "law area" are to promote the construction and development of the law area, thereby promoting international exchanges and national stability.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D997

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