救助人不当行为对救助报酬的影响

发布时间：2018-06-18 06:38

本文选题：海难救助 + 不当行为　；参考：《上海海事大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：海难救助是海商法中的一项古老和独特的法律制度，它给予了救助人在救助成功后请求救助报酬的权利。勤勉的救助人经过努力成功救助后，会得到丰厚的救助报酬。但在救助过程中，常会出现救助人存在不当行为的情形，这些不当行为对整个救助过程及最后的救助成效都会产生很大的影响，并且会导致救助报酬的丧失或减少。有关救助的法律为了鼓励救助，一般都只着重规定救助人获得救助报酬的权利，虽有涉及救助人在救助过程中应负有的义务，但对救助人违反救助义务应承担的责任，救助人不当行为对救助报酬产生的影响等方面，法律的规定却不够完备。而在因救助人过失导致的损害赔偿责任的问题上，法律未做出任何规定。随着海上船舶和其他财产价值的大大提高，如何惩戒不当行为，怎样把对不当行为的否定性评价体现在救助报酬上等问题日益引人关注。虽然不当行为只是确定救助报酬所考虑的因素之一，但在实践中绝大部分海难救助诉讼案件都源于救助报酬的争议，而在这些案件中常会发现救助人的不当行为，因此探讨救助人的不当行为对海难救助报酬的影响，深入研究在此种情况下应如何确定救助报酬，平衡双方之间的利益不仅具有非常大的实践意义，而且对推动海难救助相关法律制度的完善和发展具有深远的影响。救助报酬的确定是海难救助领域的核心问题，救助人的这种在救助报酬方面的特殊权利构成了海难救助法律制度的基础。而目前国内外对“不当行为对救助报酬的影响”的研究极少，更无系统化的论点，并且在许多案例中法律的观点并不一致，因此对该问题的研究将有助于完善海难救助制度。鉴于此，本文将结合国内外相关法律法规以及国际公约的规定，剖析在海难救助实践中救助人存在不当行为时，决定救助报酬方面存在的一些矛盾和难点问题，并针对这些问题提出建议和主张，以期对建立和完善我国的海难救助法律制度能有所裨益。本文分为四个部分，共七章进行论述。第一部分提出了本文的基本概念和问题，它包括文章的第一、二章。该部分简要介绍了海难救助制度的历史沿革及救助人不当行为的概念和相关法律规定，，并且指出了现有法律规定的不完善之处。第二部分包括文章的第三章和第四章，是本文的重点之一。第三章分析并归纳了救助人不当行为导致救助报酬丧失的情形，并且讨论了不当行为与救助报酬扣减额之间的关系。第四章介绍了救助人在救助过程中的注意义务以及举证责任的分配问题，详细阐述了公共政策对救助的鼓励和对救助中不当行为的宽容态度。第三部分是文章的第五、六两章，也是本文详细论述的重点。内容涉及救助人的赔偿责任，法律观点的发展，确定救助报酬的方法以及救助人的责任限制问题。笔者通过对一系列案例的研究，归纳出救助人赔偿责任问题上法律观点的发展过程。还分
[Abstract]:Salvage is an ancient and unique legal system in maritime law. It gives the right to help the salvor after the successful rescue. After a successful rescue, the diligent rescuer will receive a generous salvage reward. But in the course of the salvage, there will be a situation of improper behavior of the rescuers. In order to have a great influence on the whole rescue process and the result of the last rescue, it will lead to the loss or reduction of the salvage reward. In order to encourage the rescue, the law concerned generally only emphasizes the rights of the rescuer to obtain the salvage reward, although it has the obligations to the rescuer in the course of the salvage, but against the rescuer. The legal provisions are not complete in the aspects of the responsibility to be undertaken by the counter aid obligations, the effect of the undue conduct of the salvor on the remuneration of the salvor, and the legal provisions are not complete. The law has not made any provision on the issue of damages caused by the negligence of the salvor. The problem of how to evaluate the negative evaluation of misconduct in the reward of remuneration has attracted more and more attention.
Although misconduct is only one of the factors to be considered in determining the remuneration of salvage, most of the cases of salvage litigation originate from the dispute of salvage remuneration, and in these cases they often find the wrongdoing of the salvor. Therefore, the influence of the salvor's misconduct on the salvage reward is discussed, and this kind of situation is deeply studied. How to determine the reward and balance the interests between the two sides not only has great practical significance, but also has a profound influence on the improvement and development of the legal system of salvage and salvage.
The determination of salvage remuneration is the core issue in the field of salvage. The special rights of the salvor are the basis of the legal system of salvage. At present, there are few studies on the influence of "misconduct on salvage reward" at home and abroad, and there is no systematic argument, and the legal viewpoint in many cases. Therefore, the study of this problem will help to improve the system of salvage. In view of this, this paper will analyze some of the contradictions and difficulties in the salvage reward in the practice of salvage in the salvage practice in the practice of salvage in the sea, and aim at these questions in view of the relevant laws and regulations at home and abroad as well as the provisions of international conventions. Suggestions and suggestions are put forward in order to benefit the establishment and improvement of China's maritime salvage legal system. This article is divided into four parts, including seven chapters.
The first part puts forward the basic concepts and problems of this article, which includes the first, second chapter of the article. This part briefly introduces the historical evolution of the salvage system and the concept and relevant legal provisions of the unsuitable behavior of the salvor, and points out the imperfections of the existing legal provisions.
The second part includes the third and fourth chapters of the article, which is one of the key points of this article. The third chapter analyzes and sums up the situation that the salvor's misconduct leads to the loss of the salvage reward, and discusses the relationship between the misconduct and the deductions of the salvage remuneration. The fourth chapter introduces the duty of attention and the burden of proof in the rescue process. The issue of allocation of responsibilities explains in detail the encouragement of public policies for relief and the tolerance of misconduct in rescue.
The third part is the fifth and 62 chapter of the article, which is also the focus of this article. The content involves the compensation liability of the salvor, the development of the legal viewpoint, the method of determining the compensation reward and the limitation of the responsibility of the rescuer. Process.
【学位授予单位】：上海海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：D996.19

【引证文献】