晚清对外贸易法律制度的演变与透视

发布时间：2018-06-18 09:04

本文选题：晚清 + 对外贸易　；参考：《中国政法大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 鸦片战争之后,是中国社会发生巨变的时期。晚清对外贸易法律制度的演变,从宏观上看,制度框架由条约体系下形成的对外贸易法律制度替代了传统的朝贡贸易制度。从微观上看,海关制度、贸易金融制度、运输保险制度、买办制度,以及纠纷解决机制的变化构成了晚清对外贸易法律制度演变的基础。本文运用宏观与微观相结合,史料与理论相呼应,多学科知识相交融的方法,对晚清对外贸易制度的演变进行系统的考察并加以透视,以此加深对中国近代法律转型的认识。本文包括绪论、正文五章、余论三部分。绪论主要说明研究对象与范围、选题宗旨与意义、学术史综述以及研究方法。正文第一章重点阐述晚清中国对外贸易制度由朝贡贸易制度到盛世之中的公行制度再到丧失主权下的条约体系,揭示晚清对外贸易法律制度中强者法律占先,弱者屈从强者的演变过程。正文第二章阐述作为对外贸易法律制度中的重要组成部分——海关制度。近代海关制度形成于旧有的制度之上,常关、洋关的长期并存说明了这一点,在社会变迁中优势、进步的力量战胜弱势、落后的制度。这既反映了双方博弈的结果,同时,体现中国内在文化的择优选择取向。正文第三章阐述对外贸易的其他方面法律制度,包括贸易金融的法律制度、运输保险法律制度以及买办制度的变迁。这些具体法律制度的从无到有,从不成熟到逐步成熟,从拿来主义到移植本土的成长过程,促使了新的经济观念和法律规章日趋成熟,为后来的商法制定打下了基础。正文第四章阐述在对外贸易纠纷解决机制的演变中政府与民间的解决模式、以及各利益主体的博弈与妥协。从官方角度看条约体系所形成的纠纷解决模式是表面的平等而实质的不平等;从民间具体运作上看,仲裁制度的运用起到了对抗外来经济入侵的自救作用。在这过程中,中国近代司法制度受到了西方制度的冲击。正文第五章从结构间(法律、政治、经济的关系)与结构内(对外贸易法律制度同中国经济法律传统的关系)透视在中西方不同的法律文化背景下,晚清对外贸易制度的特点与实质,以及折射出的中华文明的内核。余论部分总结晚清对外贸易法律制度演变的原则及其对现今的借鉴作用,在全球化的今天中国如何提高自身实力来实现平等贸易,使得贸易法律制度趋向贸易双方的共赢,最终在本土的基础上良性地移植外来规则。
[Abstract]:After the Opium War, it was the period of great changes in the Chinese society. The evolution of the legal system of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty, from the macroscopic view, the institutional framework of foreign trade formed under the treaty system replaced the traditional tribute trade system. From the micro point of view, the customs system, trade financial system, transportation insurance system, comprador system, The change of dispute settlement mechanism constitute the basis of the evolution of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty legal system. This paper uses the combination of macro and micro, historical and theoretical echoes, melt intersection method of multi subject knowledge, the evolution of the foreign trade system in the late Qing Dynasty to make a systematic investigation and perspective, in order to deepen understanding of the transformation of modern legal Chinese.
This article includes the introduction, the five chapter of the text, and the three part.
The introduction mainly describes the object and scope of the study, the purpose and significance of the selection, academic history and research methods.
The first chapter of the text focuses on the treaties system of the foreign trade system in the late Qing Dynasty from the tributary trade system to the prosperous world and then to the loss of sovereignty. It reveals that the law of the strong in the legal system of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty is predominant, and the weak will succumb to the evolution of the strong.
The second chapter of the text expounds the customs system, which is an important part of the legal system of foreign trade. The modern customs system is formed on the old system, and it is often closed. The long-term coexistence of the foreign customs shows this point. In the social change, the advantages of the society and the strength of progress overcome the weakness and the backward system. This reflects both the results of the game and the same result. It reflects the preferred orientation of China's internal culture.
The third chapter of the text expounds the legal system of other aspects of foreign trade, including the legal system of trade finance, the legal system of transportation insurance and the change of the comprador system. The regulations become more mature, laying the foundation for the later formulation of commercial law.
The fourth chapter of the text expounds the solution mode of the government and the folk in the evolution of the settlement mechanism of foreign trade disputes, as well as the game and compromise of the various stakeholders. From the official point of view, the dispute settlement pattern formed by the treaty system is the surface equality and the substantive inequality; from the perspective of the folk operation, the application of the arbitration system has played an important role. In the process, China's modern judicial system has been impacted by the western system.
The fifth chapter from the inter structure (legal, political, economic relations) and the structure (the relationship between the legal system of foreign trade law and the Chinese economic and legal tradition), the characteristics and essence of the foreign trade system in the late Qing Dynasty and the core of the Chinese civilization in the late Qing Dynasty under the different legal cultural background of China and the West.
The other part summarizes the principles of the evolution of the legal system of foreign trade in the late Qing Dynasty and its reference to the present. In today's globalized China, how to improve its own strength to achieve equal trade, make the trade legal system win the win-win of both sides of the trade, and ultimately transplant foreign rules well on the basis of the local.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D922.295

【参考文献】