论海难救助报酬留置权

发布时间：2018-07-13 09:38

【摘要】：海难救助是一项既艰苦又危险的工作,为了鼓励救助人积极从事这项工作,不论国际公约还是各国国内法都有关于救助报酬的规定,而且一般都规定,被救助方在救助作业结束后,应当根据救助人的要求,对救助报酬提供满意的担保,否则,未经救助方同意,不得将获救的船舶和其他财产从救助作业完成后最初到达的港口或者地点移走,即救助人就其享有的救助报酬对获救财产享有留置权。笔者基于公平、公共利益和鼓励海难救助的基本原则,提出了海难救助报酬留置权的概念,并对其做出分析与论证。首先通过对Maritime Lien中英文概念的辨析,旨在说明该语词在不同场合下应具有不同的意义及历史原因造成的误用,我国学者对该问题的争论,表明笔者的观点。船舶优先权是海商法中特有的法律制度,它对保障海难救助款项的实现发挥着十分重要的作用。本文通过对船舶优先权的标的、请求对象、受偿顺序等问题的分析,指出其在保障海难救助报酬方面存在的问题,并说明船舶优先权与海难救助报酬留置权在担保海难救助报酬时出现的权利竞合现象。从民法中对留置权的一般规定的分析入手,逐步分析船舶留置权和海难救助报酬留置权的区别,指出拖航人与打捞人在何种情况下应享有何种权利,并提出自己的意见。通过对上述诸问题的分析论证,笔者归纳出在我国《海商法》中确立海难救助报酬留置权的必要性,并从海难救助报酬留置权的产生与消灭、确立的基础与性质、标的、权利主体与义务主体、受偿顺序及权利的实现等方面对该种权利的独特的特征作出论述。
[Abstract]:Salvage at sea is a difficult and dangerous job. In order to encourage the rescuer to actively engage in this work, there are provisions on the remuneration of salvage both in international conventions and in the domestic laws of various countries, and it is generally stipulated that, After the salvage operation has been completed, the salved party shall, at the request of the salvor, provide a satisfactory guarantee for the remuneration of the salvage, otherwise, without the consent of the salvor, The rescued ship and other property shall not be removed from the port or place originally arrived at after the completion of the salvage operation, that is, the salvor shall have a lien on the rescued property in respect of his remuneration for salvage. Based on the basic principles of fairness, public interest and encouragement of salvage at sea, the author puts forward the concept of lien right of compensation for salvage at sea, and makes an analysis and demonstration of it. Firstly, by analyzing the concept of Maritime Lien in both Chinese and English, the author aims to explain the different meanings of the word and the misuse caused by historical reasons in different situations. The argument of Chinese scholars on this issue shows the author's point of view. Maritime lien is a special legal system in maritime law, which plays an important role in the realization of salvage money. Based on the analysis of the object of maritime lien, the object of claim and the order of payment, this paper points out the problems existing in ensuring the reward of salvage at sea. It also explains the coincidence of rights between maritime lien and maritime lien in guaranteeing compensation for salvage. Starting with the analysis of the general provisions of the civil law on lien, this paper analyzes the difference between the lien on ships and the remuneration for salvage by sea step by step, and points out what rights should be enjoyed by the dragor and the salvager under what circumstances, and puts forward his own opinions. Through the analysis and argumentation of the above problems, the author concludes the necessity of establishing the lien of salvage reward in Maritime Law of our country, and from the emergence and elimination of the lien of salvage reward, the foundation and nature of the lien, the object of the establishment. The special characteristics of the right are discussed from the aspects of the subject of right and the subject of obligation, the order of compensation and the realization of the right.
【学位授予单位】：对外经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：D922.294;D923

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