典当行制度研究
发布时间：2018-07-16 20:10
【摘要】：本文主要是通过对典当行功能在当代的变化来解释和分析典当的法律意义，对与典当行有关的规则用现代民法理论解释，提出对典当业营业规则的立法建议，使其成为未来的《典当业法》的一部分内容。本文分为四部分： 第一部分是本文的理论基础。首先本文对学术界关于典当的两种学说，即营业质权说和特殊物权说加以评析。关于营业质权说本文认为从典当行的现实功能和民法基本理论上论证，从而否定了它存在的价值，因此关于典当仅是营业质权的观点转变成典当是否仅为质权；关于特殊物权说，本文主要通过对认为典当是特殊物权与将典当力图在既有体系下解释进行了成本比较，从而得出将典当在既有民商法律体系内解释的成本要小于把典当看成特殊物权的观点。其次本文通过对典当一词流变的考察明确了典当合用已成为一种习惯，不应人为的分割，并以此为基础对典当在当代应有的涵义加以分析论证，认为对典当不应局限于权利，应以其从事的行为角度考虑，设定它为营业行为。这种观点是对已有的关于典当解释的突破，它以行为解释典当使典当能够满足当代发展的需要，并使其能在既有的民商法体系中找到合适的位置，因为如果将典当解释成营业行为就可以运用民法关于法律行为的理论，这时对于典当行而言它的经营就不会被局限于动产质权，而是根据民法中的意思自治原则在法律不禁止时采用符合典当行利益的经营品种，当然可以包括一直为法学界所否认的不动产抵押。最后本文对作为营业行为的典当的性质和特点做了阐述，性质上认为典当是商行为，它与银行、保险一样都属于商。关于典当的特点，本文主要通过它与担保物权的比较得出了历史性、营业性、融资性和主体特定性等特点。 第二部分是在第一部分的基础上对典当业中适用的习惯与规则加以解释论证，以利于立法建议的提出。本部分以典当的法律行为性质为基础， WP=49 对典当法律关系的主体、客体和内容进行了阐释。对于典当的主体本文分成典当的经营主体、典当的借款人、典当的第三人；对于典当的客体，本文依动产、不动产、财产权利、财产分别加以解释，并对有争议的后三类做了较详细的分析，澄清了以往对典当法律关系中典当标的的不正确认识。典当证书是典当法律关系的凭证，本文认为典当证书也就是当票在我国民法中的性质不同于其在瑞士，在瑞士它应是物权凭证，而在我国习惯上把它看成物权证券，且由于习惯上认票不认人，因此本文认为它具有无因性的特点。关于典当的利息、期限、费用，本文主要从典当在当代所具备的功能来考察，认为对利息应当在国家基准利率的基础上允许典当行上下浮动，以促进行业之间的竞争；关于费用本文认为应当对现有规定改变，不对费用收取做强行性规定而由经营主体自行决定。典当业的行业习惯是典当行在经营中逐渐形成的，其中有些与现代民法的基本原则矛盾，有些则需要用民法理论解释。抽当是典当业的习惯，它与物权法关于担保物的不可分割性冲突，本文认为解决原则在于：一是尊重历史上形成的习惯，二是有利于经济效率。为此本文建议在典当业法中对之规定。顶当也是典当业习惯，但它基本符合担保物权法的基本原则，因此可以在民法体系中找到位置。关于作为担保的动产毁损的赔偿，本文认为应当平衡双方的利益，倾向于保护动产的所有人。典当法律关系的消灭主要涉及到动产质权在典当行如何实现的问题。有两种观点，一是认为流质，二是认为清算。流质一直都是我国典当业的行业习惯，但从法律发展的趋势看流质已为各国所抛弃，主要原因是流质不能很好的保护质押人的利益，且通常提到流质时对清算费用的节省也并无实证。本文运用经济分析的方法对这两种观点进行了比较，得出了采用清算更为适宜的结论。 第三部分的功用在于说明本文所论证内容的现实意义，使理论研究与生产、生活实践有机结合起来。本部分对典当行的功能划分为两类：一是生产性融资功能，二是消费性融资功能。生产性融资功能主要在于解决广大中小企业和个体工商户融资难的现实问题，希望通过处于发展中的典当 WP=50 行能够积极的发挥它的阶段性功能，在为他们融资的同时，实现我国中小企业信用的提升。消费性融资功能主要是在各种信用消费未能在推动平民消费的情况下，，起到与生产性融资一样的功能，即推动消费对生产的拉动和培育个人信用。消费性融资的另一功用是减少高利贷出现的机会。 第四部分是全文的结论性部分，它以前面的论证为基础提出实现典当业立法完善的建议。通过对我国典当业法律现状的描述，看到我国急需对典当业加以立法规制，这既有利于典当业的发展又有利于国家的管理。本文通过对关于典当业的立法模式进行了比较，认为对典当业单独立法的模式优于将典当规定在民法典中。为了便于立法机关参考本文将前述论证得出的结论一一总结列出。
[Abstract]:This paper explains and analyzes the legal significance of pawnshops through the changes of the functions of the pawnshops in the contemporary times , explains the rules relating to the pawnshops in modern civil law , and puts forward some legislative suggestions on the business rules of the pawn industry , which makes it a part of the future law of pawnpawnshops . The article is divided into four parts :
The first part is the theoretical basis of this paper . Firstly , this paper analyzes the two theories about pawnbroker , namely , the theory of business quality and the special property right . On the basis of the theory of business quality , this paper argues that it is worth discussing from the practical function of pawn and the basic theory of civil law , thus denying the value of its existence .
On the basis of the author ' s conclusion that the pawnbroker should not be limited to the right , it can be used to find the right place in the existing civil and commercial law system .
The second part , on the basis of the first part , explains the applied habits and rules in the pawn industry , which is beneficial to the proposal of legislation . This part is based on the property of the law of pawn .
WP=49
The subject , object and content of the relationship between pawn and pawn are explained . For the main body of pawn , this article is divided into pawn business subject , pawn borrower and pawnbroker third person .
On the basis of the national benchmark interest rate , the author thinks that the interest should be allowed to float up and down on the basis of the national benchmark interest rate , so as to promote competition among industry .
In this paper , the author thinks that it should balance the interests of the two parties and to protect the owner of movable property .
The function of the third part is to illustrate the practical significance of the content in this paper , combine the theory research with the production and living practice . This part divides the functions of the pawn line into two categories : one is the productive financing function , the second is the consumptive financing function . The productive financing function is mainly to solve the realistic problem of the financing difficult of the large and medium - sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households , and hopes to adopt the pawn in development
WP=50
The bank can play its stage sexual function actively , and realize the promotion of the credit of the small and medium - sized enterprises in our country while financing them . The consumption financing function mainly plays the same function as the productive financing under the condition that various credit consumption fails to promote the consumption of the civilian population , that is , the promotion of the consumption to the production and the cultivation of personal credit . The other function of consumption financing is to reduce the chances of high - interest lending .
The fourth part is the concluding part of the whole text , which is based on the previous argument and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of the legislation of pawn industry . Through the comparison of the current legislation pattern of the pawn industry , it is believed that the model of the individual legislation of pawn industry is better than that in the civil code . In order to facilitate the legislative organs to make reference to the conclusion drawn from the above arguments .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D913
本文编号：2127540
[Abstract]:This paper explains and analyzes the legal significance of pawnshops through the changes of the functions of the pawnshops in the contemporary times , explains the rules relating to the pawnshops in modern civil law , and puts forward some legislative suggestions on the business rules of the pawn industry , which makes it a part of the future law of pawnpawnshops . The article is divided into four parts :
The first part is the theoretical basis of this paper . Firstly , this paper analyzes the two theories about pawnbroker , namely , the theory of business quality and the special property right . On the basis of the theory of business quality , this paper argues that it is worth discussing from the practical function of pawn and the basic theory of civil law , thus denying the value of its existence .
On the basis of the author ' s conclusion that the pawnbroker should not be limited to the right , it can be used to find the right place in the existing civil and commercial law system .
The second part , on the basis of the first part , explains the applied habits and rules in the pawn industry , which is beneficial to the proposal of legislation . This part is based on the property of the law of pawn .
WP=49
The subject , object and content of the relationship between pawn and pawn are explained . For the main body of pawn , this article is divided into pawn business subject , pawn borrower and pawnbroker third person .
On the basis of the national benchmark interest rate , the author thinks that the interest should be allowed to float up and down on the basis of the national benchmark interest rate , so as to promote competition among industry .
In this paper , the author thinks that it should balance the interests of the two parties and to protect the owner of movable property .
The function of the third part is to illustrate the practical significance of the content in this paper , combine the theory research with the production and living practice . This part divides the functions of the pawn line into two categories : one is the productive financing function , the second is the consumptive financing function . The productive financing function is mainly to solve the realistic problem of the financing difficult of the large and medium - sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households , and hopes to adopt the pawn in development
WP=50
The bank can play its stage sexual function actively , and realize the promotion of the credit of the small and medium - sized enterprises in our country while financing them . The consumption financing function mainly plays the same function as the productive financing under the condition that various credit consumption fails to promote the consumption of the civilian population , that is , the promotion of the consumption to the production and the cultivation of personal credit . The other function of consumption financing is to reduce the chances of high - interest lending .
The fourth part is the concluding part of the whole text , which is based on the previous argument and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of the legislation of pawn industry . Through the comparison of the current legislation pattern of the pawn industry , it is believed that the model of the individual legislation of pawn industry is better than that in the civil code . In order to facilitate the legislative organs to make reference to the conclusion drawn from the above arguments .
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：D913
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 卢显洋;;《典当行管理条例(征求意见稿)》若干制度分析[J];法制与经济(中旬);2013年03期
相关硕士学位论文 前10条
1 张亿;小企业融资难破解途径探析：民间信贷的体制内转化[D];上海外国语大学;2010年
2 阴海霞;民间金融的组织模式与运作机制研究[D];山东农业大学;2007年
3 张传政;论营业质权[D];西南政法大学;2007年
4 程璐琳;中国典当法律制度研究[D];西南政法大学;2007年
5 黄朝华;论我国典当法律制度的完善[D];对外经济贸易大学;2007年
6 陈曦;流质契约问题研究[D];西南财经大学;2008年
7 张建超;营业质权研究[D];首都经济贸易大学;2009年
8 邓海兵;论民事习惯与制定法的冲突与调适[D];湘潭大学;2009年
9 张伟;民国上海典当法律问题研究[D];上海师范大学;2009年
10 李提称;我国典当法律制度完善研究[D];贵州大学;2009年
本文编号：2127540
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