不利解释原则在海上保险领域的适用研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 15:02

【摘要】：不利解释原则作为解释海上保险条款的特殊原则,能够有效的矫正海上保险合同中双方当事人的利益失衡,保护处于弱势地位的被保险人。因为我国海上保险业发展起步较晚,所以对海上保险领域中的不利解释原则的理论研究存在不足。在司法实践中出现了对海上保险条款运用不利解释原则的误理解和误操作,这都违背了该原则的设立初衷。因此,在海上保险领域中进行不利解释原则的深入研究是非常必要的。这一研究将有助于在深化不利解释原则理论研究的同时,正确发挥其在海上保险条款解释方面的价值与功能。本文主要采用法理分析和案例分析的方法对这一问题展开论述。论文由四个部分组成。第一部分主要论述在海上保险领域中不利解释原则的基础理论。该部分从不利解释原则的历史沿革、涵义和不利解释原则在海上保险领域中适用的法理基础这三个方面论述。在该部分中详细介绍了海上保险格式条款和“通常合理解释的”的判定标准第二部分主要介绍和分析了各国不利解释原则在海上保险领域中适用的立法和实务情况。立法方面,国内外有一个共同的现象：虽然在海上保险的立法领域中没有不利解释原则的法律规定,但是在民商法中都规定了不利解释原则;在实务方面,国内外出现了很明显的差异：虽然在国外海上保险领域中几乎没有适用不利解释原则,但是在国内不利解释原则的适用十分普遍,甚至有滥用的趋势。第三部分主要讨论了保赔保险和经保监会审查和批准的海上保险条款适用不利解释原则的争议。第四部分结合我国的司法实践,借鉴国外海上保险领域中不利解释原则的实务操作,提出在海上保险领域中适用不利解释原则的建议。
[Abstract]:As a special principle for interpreting marine insurance clauses, the unfavorable interpretation principle can effectively correct the imbalance of the interests of both parties in marine insurance contracts and protect the insured who are in a weak position. Due to the late development of marine insurance in China, there is a shortage of theoretical research on the unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance. In judicial practice, misunderstandings and misoperation of the unfavorable interpretation principle of marine insurance clauses appear, which are contrary to the original intention of the establishment of this principle. Therefore, it is necessary to study the unfavorable interpretation principle in marine insurance field. This study will be helpful to deepen the theoretical study of the unfavorable interpretation principle and give full play to its value and function in the interpretation of marine insurance clauses. This paper mainly uses the method of jurisprudence analysis and case analysis to discuss this problem. The thesis consists of four parts. The first part mainly discusses the basic theory of unfavorable interpretation principle in marine insurance field. This part discusses the history, meaning and legal basis of unfavorable interpretation principle in marine insurance field. The second part mainly introduces and analyzes the legislation and practice of the application of the principle of adverse interpretation in the field of marine insurance. In the aspect of legislation, there is a common phenomenon at home and abroad: although there is no legal provision on the principle of adverse interpretation in the legislative field of marine insurance, the principle of adverse interpretation is stipulated in the civil and commercial law. There are obvious differences at home and abroad: although there is almost no application of unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance abroad, the application of adverse interpretation principle in China is very common and even tends to be abused. The third part mainly discusses the dispute about the application of the unfavorable interpretation principle in the insurance and the marine insurance clauses examined and approved by the CIRC. The fourth part combines the judicial practice of our country and draws lessons from the practical operation of the unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance in foreign countries and puts forward the suggestion of applying the unfavorable interpretation principle in the field of marine insurance.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.284

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