港口规费法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 12:50

【摘要】： 在现代海上运输业中,船舶进入港口要交纳各种名目种类繁多的费用。各个国家、各个地区,由于法律制度、商业习惯等各项制度的不同,对港口收取费用各有不同的规定。即便在同一个国家,不同地区不同港口的收费也有可能存在差异。在我国,港口规费是各项港口收费中最常见也是最为重要的一类。我国《海商法》条二十二条规定了船舶优先权所担保的各项债权,其中明确提出,港口规费受船舶优先权的担保,但是实践中港口规费的定义和范围却不甚明确。本文通过对我国各项港口收费的分析并结合各项法律法规,对港口规费做出定义并对其范围进行了分析,同时对港口规费和实践中常用到的港口使费进行了比较和区别。在实践中,常会遇到船舶优先权的代位和让与,而由于港口规费具有行政性收费的性质,那么港口规费上的船舶优先权是否有可转让性?该船舶优先权又是否可以代位行使呢?本文对此也进行了详尽的分析,并对实践中常会遇到的代理人垫付港口规费后如何对其保护提出了较好的方法。目前,我国正在加大对港口规费征收的力度,虽然这方面的法律法规数目繁多,实践中的征收却存在诸多的疏漏,这对我国的财政收入和港口建设都有很大的影响。本文对我国目前立法中对港口规费的相关法律和实践中存在的问题进行了分析,最终对我国现行的关于港口规费的法律法规和实践中的具体实施方法提出了建设性意见,希望对我国港口规费优先权立法的完善和港口规费的收缴工作有所贡献。俄
[Abstract]:In modern maritime transportation, ships have to pay a wide variety of fees for entering ports. Different countries, regions, due to the legal system, business practices and other systems, different regulations on port charges. Even in the same country, different port charges may vary from region to region. In China, port charges are the most common and important type of port charges. Article 22 of Maritime Law of our country stipulates all kinds of claims guaranteed by maritime lien. It is clearly stated that port fee is guaranteed by maritime lien, but the definition and scope of port fee are not clear in practice. Based on the analysis of port charges in China and the combination of laws and regulations, this paper defines port charges and analyzes their scope. At the same time, it compares port fees with port charges that are often used in practice. In practice, we often encounter subrogation and transfer of maritime liens. However, because port fees have the nature of administrative charges, is there transferability of maritime liens in port fees? Can the maritime lien be exercised by subrogation? This paper also makes a detailed analysis of this, and puts forward a better method for the protection of the agent who is often encountered in practice after paying the port fee. At present, China is increasing the collection of port fees, although the number of laws and regulations in this area is numerous, but there are many omissions in the practice of collection, which has a great impact on our financial revenue and port construction. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the relevant laws and practices of port fees in the current legislation of our country, and finally puts forward constructive suggestions on the current laws and regulations on port fees and the concrete implementation methods in practice. It hopes to contribute to the improvement of the priority legislation of port fee and the collection of port fee. Russia
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D922.296

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