现代行政法本质上是平衡法

发布时间：2018-10-22 11:07

【摘要】：正行政法与其他法律部门的最大不同之处在于,作为行政法主体一方的行政机关拥有国家权力,是管理者;其相对一方则是公民、法人或其他组织,不拥有国家权力,是被管理者。这就决定了行政法的本质随着不同时代、不同国度对行政法主体双方地位的不同规定而有截然不同的表现,而不象调整平等主体之间关系的民商法的本质表现得那样稳定。在一个强调行政机关主导地位和公民服从地位的时代和国度,行政法的本质只能表现为“管理法”,其特征是以行政组织法和行政行为法为中心,缺乏行政程序法和行政监督法,不存在行政诉讼法和国家赔偿法。而在一个强调公民权利、害怕行政专横的时代和国度,行政法的本质则可能表现为“控权法”,其特征是行政法的宗旨主要为控制行政权、保护公民权。管理法和控权法都是特定时代的产物,虽然在特定的历史条件下有其进步作用,但都明显有其偏颇之处。
[Abstract]:The biggest difference between the administrative law and other legal departments is that the administrative organ, as one party to the administrative law, has state power and is the administrator; the opposite party is a citizen, a legal person or other organization, and does not have state power. It's the manager. This determines the nature of administrative law with different times, different countries have different regulations on the status of administrative law subjects, but not as stable as the essence of civil and commercial law which adjusts the relationship between equal subjects. In an era and a country that emphasizes the dominant position of administrative organs and the subordinate status of citizens, the essence of administrative law can only be manifested as "administrative law", which is characterized by administrative organic law and administrative behavior law as the center. Lack of administrative procedure law and administrative supervision law, there is no administrative procedure law and state compensation law. In an era and a country where civil rights are emphasized and administrative arbitrariness is feared, the essence of administrative law may be manifested as "controlling power law", which is characterized by that the purpose of administrative law is mainly to control executive power and protect civil rights. The law of management and the law of control over power are both the products of a specific era, although they have their progressive functions under certain historical conditions, they all have obvious bias.
【作者单位】：北京中联律师事务所
【分类号】：D912.1

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