船舶碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿制度研究
发布时间：2018-11-08 12:23
【摘要】：在航运过程中，船舶碰撞事故时有发生，极易导致油污损害，引发海洋环境严重污染并且严重影响其他相关产业的发展。在相关国际公约和各国法律中，对于船舶碰撞损害赔偿和油污损害赔偿均有明确规定。然而，对于因船舶发生碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿却一直存在较大争议。如何处理这两种交织在一起的独立的侵权法律关系，仍是海商法的一个难题。 本文采用法律关系分析方法，对船舶碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿法律关系进行分析，运用因果联系学说、共同侵权理论等来判断船舶碰撞与油污损害之间是否存在因果关系以及分析漏油方与非漏油方之间是否构成共同侵权，并且根据不同责任的划分来确定赔偿责任主体以及在何种情况下，责任主体可以适用责任限制制度。最后，从保护油污受害方利益出发，提出完善我国船舶碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿制度的建议。 本文分为六章，第一章为绪论，，介绍船舶碰撞导致油污损害责任制度的研究背景、目的、意义以及国内外立法现状。第二章为船舶油污与船舶碰撞基础理论概述，对于“油污”的定义、船舶油污损害赔偿的范围和船舶碰撞的概念、分类与构成要件进行阐述，并对船舶碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿及其理论的特殊性进行分析。第三章为船舶碰撞与油污损害的法律关系，主要讨论船舶碰撞与油污损害之间是否存在因果关系以及漏油方与非漏油方是否构成共同侵权，以此来为责任主体的确定提供理论依据。第四章为船舶碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿的责任主体及归责原则。根据不同的归责原则来对船舶碰撞损害赔偿的责任主体和船舶油污损害赔偿的责任主体分别进行分析。第五章为船舶碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿的责任限制。通过对海事赔偿制度的沿革、概念、性质、条件和相关立法例分析，明确在船舶碰撞导致油污损害的情况下责任限制制度的适用范围。第六章为我国船舶碰撞导致的油污损害赔偿制度的发展现状、存在问题及完善。结合我国现有的相关法律制度以及司法实践中存在的问题，提出完善该制度的内容设计。
[Abstract]:In the shipping process, ship collision accidents occur from time to time, which can easily lead to oil pollution damage, cause serious pollution of marine environment and seriously affect the development of other related industries. In the relevant international conventions and national laws, the compensation for ship collision damage and oil pollution damage are clearly stipulated. However, the compensation for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision has always been controversial. How to deal with these two kinds of independent tort legal relationship is still a difficult problem in maritime law. In this paper, the legal relationship of compensation for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision is analyzed by using the method of legal relationship analysis, and the theory of causality is used. The theory of joint tort is used to determine whether there is a causal relationship between ship collision and oil pollution damage, and to analyze whether there is a joint tort between the leaking party and the non-oil spill party. And according to the division of different responsibilities to determine the subject of liability and in what circumstances, the liability of the main body can be applied to the system of limitation of liability. Finally, in order to protect the interests of the aggrieved party of oil pollution, the suggestion of perfecting the compensation system of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision in China is put forward. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background, purpose, significance and legislation status of the liability system of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision. The second chapter is an overview of the basic theory of oil pollution and ship collision. The definition of "oil pollution", the scope of ship oil pollution damage compensation and the concept, classification and constitutive requirements of ship collision are expounded. The compensation for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision and the particularity of its theory are analyzed. The third chapter is the legal relationship between ship collision and oil pollution damage, mainly discusses whether there is a causal relationship between ship collision and oil pollution damage, and whether the oil spill party and non-oil spill party constitute joint infringement. To provide a theoretical basis for the determination of the subject of responsibility. The fourth chapter is the main body of liability and the principle of imputation of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision. According to different imputation principles, the main body of liability for ship collision damage compensation and ship oil pollution damage compensation are analyzed respectively. Chapter five is the limitation of liability for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision. By analyzing the evolution, concept, nature, conditions and relevant legislative examples of maritime compensation system, the scope of application of liability limitation system in the case of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision is clarified. The sixth chapter is the status quo, existing problems and perfection of oil pollution compensation system caused by ship collision in China. According to the existing legal system and the problems in judicial practice, the content design of the system is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.294
本文编号：2318497
[Abstract]:In the shipping process, ship collision accidents occur from time to time, which can easily lead to oil pollution damage, cause serious pollution of marine environment and seriously affect the development of other related industries. In the relevant international conventions and national laws, the compensation for ship collision damage and oil pollution damage are clearly stipulated. However, the compensation for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision has always been controversial. How to deal with these two kinds of independent tort legal relationship is still a difficult problem in maritime law. In this paper, the legal relationship of compensation for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision is analyzed by using the method of legal relationship analysis, and the theory of causality is used. The theory of joint tort is used to determine whether there is a causal relationship between ship collision and oil pollution damage, and to analyze whether there is a joint tort between the leaking party and the non-oil spill party. And according to the division of different responsibilities to determine the subject of liability and in what circumstances, the liability of the main body can be applied to the system of limitation of liability. Finally, in order to protect the interests of the aggrieved party of oil pollution, the suggestion of perfecting the compensation system of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision in China is put forward. This paper is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background, purpose, significance and legislation status of the liability system of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision. The second chapter is an overview of the basic theory of oil pollution and ship collision. The definition of "oil pollution", the scope of ship oil pollution damage compensation and the concept, classification and constitutive requirements of ship collision are expounded. The compensation for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision and the particularity of its theory are analyzed. The third chapter is the legal relationship between ship collision and oil pollution damage, mainly discusses whether there is a causal relationship between ship collision and oil pollution damage, and whether the oil spill party and non-oil spill party constitute joint infringement. To provide a theoretical basis for the determination of the subject of responsibility. The fourth chapter is the main body of liability and the principle of imputation of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision. According to different imputation principles, the main body of liability for ship collision damage compensation and ship oil pollution damage compensation are analyzed respectively. Chapter five is the limitation of liability for oil pollution damage caused by ship collision. By analyzing the evolution, concept, nature, conditions and relevant legislative examples of maritime compensation system, the scope of application of liability limitation system in the case of oil pollution damage caused by ship collision is clarified. The sixth chapter is the status quo, existing problems and perfection of oil pollution compensation system caused by ship collision in China. According to the existing legal system and the problems in judicial practice, the content design of the system is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D922.294
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