海事赔偿责任限制主体研究

发布时间：2019-03-14 19:20

【摘要】：海事赔偿责任限制制度是海商法中古老而重要的一项制度，它是伴随着世界海运业的发展而产生的，旨在保护船舶所有人等海运行为中相关海事主体的合法权益。作为一项传统的海事法律制度，其价值在于发生海损事故后，相关责任人可以援引海事赔偿责任限制制度将其赔偿责任限制在一定范围之内，其体现的是法律对航运业的适当保护。在海商法中，人们习惯上把对海事赔偿负有责任，且根据海事赔偿责任限制的法律规定有权限制赔偿责任的人笼统称为“责任主体”。随着海运业的不断发展，海事赔偿责任限制制度发挥着越来越重要的作用，极大保护了世界海运业的发展，同时该制度也伴随着海运业的发展而不断完善着，其相关立法也逐渐在世界上形成了统一的公约。这些公约的出现，对世界各国在处理相关实务问题时提供了依据与帮助。随着经济和社会的不断发展，各种各样的新兴海运主体也加入到了国际海运业务中。海运贸易的巨量增长使船舶供给也应势而增。租船成为了调剂船舶市场的重要手段。集装箱技术在航运中的运用掀起了航运业的又一次革命。集装箱的出现使得租船形式变得更加丰富，出现了光船承租人、定期租船承租人、航次租船承租人这些海事主体。还有伴随经济发展而出现的船舶管理人、无船承运人，以及随着船舶保险业的发展而出现的责任保险人等新兴海事主体。那么这些新兴主体的地位如何呢？面对如此众多的海事主体又有谁有幸成为海事赔偿责任限制主体呢？这个问题在学界引起了广泛的讨论。有些海事主体逐渐被国际公约所关注并认可，，其海事赔偿责任限制主体地位得到了法律意义上的确认。但是也有主体则一直未能享受到法律的保护。明确这些主体是否为海事赔偿责任限制制度的主体，对处理实务问题有着重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:The limitation system of liability for maritime compensation is an ancient and important system in maritime law. It comes into being with the development of the world maritime industry. It aims to protect the legal rights and interests of the relevant maritime subjects in maritime acts such as ship owners and so on. As a traditional maritime legal system, its value lies in the fact that after the occurrence of an average accident, the relevant responsible person may invoke the limitation system of maritime liability to limit its liability to a certain extent. It embodies the proper protection of the shipping industry by law. In maritime law, it is customary to call the person who is responsible for maritime compensation and who has the right to limit liability according to the law of limitation of maritime liability generally called the "subject of liability". With the continuous development of the maritime transportation industry, the limitation system of maritime compensation liability is playing a more and more important role, and has greatly protected the development of the world maritime industry. At the same time, the system has also been constantly improved with the development of the maritime industry. Its relevant legislation has gradually formed a unified convention in the world. The emergence of these conventions provides a basis and help for countries in the world to deal with relevant practical issues. With the continuous development of economy and society, a variety of new maritime transport entities have also joined the international maritime transport business. The huge increase in seaborne trade has also increased the supply of ships. Chartering a ship has become an important means of adjusting the ship market. The application of container technology in shipping has set off another revolution in shipping industry. The appearance of container makes the form of charterer more abundant, such as bareboat charterer, regular charterer and voyage charterer. There are also emerging maritime subjects, such as ship managers, non-vessel carriers, and liability insurers, which appear with the development of the marine insurance industry. So what is the status of these emerging subjects? Who is lucky to be the subject of limitation of liability for maritime compensation in the face of so many maritime subjects? This problem has aroused extensive discussion in the academic world. Some maritime subjects are gradually concerned and recognized by international conventions, and the status of the limitation subject of maritime compensation liability has been confirmed in the legal sense. However, other subjects have not been able to enjoy the protection of the law. To clarify whether these subjects are the subject of the limitation system of maritime compensation liability has important guiding significance for dealing with practical problems.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.294

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